{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have identified MIR378D2 (miR‐378d) as an important microRNA in ovarian granulosa cells responding to sodium fluoride (NaF) challenge. MIR378D2 is dose‐dependently upregulated by NaF exposure and is tightly associated with the fate of these cells: its enhanced expression correlates positively with increased apoptosis and inversely with autophagy. This pattern of regulation indicates that MIR378D2 may act as a molecular switch that favors cell death over survival when the cells are exposed to fluoride-induced stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition, MIR378D2 modulates the endocrine function of granulosa cells by regulating estradiol (E2) secretion. At lower concentrations of NaF, the increased MIR378D2 levels are associated with promoted E2 release, whereas at higher NaF doses, elevated MIR378D2 correlates with reduced estradiol secretion. This dose-dependent duality suggests that MIR378D2 plays a key role in fine-tuning hormone release in response to environmental stress, potentially contributing to female reproductive dysfunction under conditions of excessive fluoride exposure."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qun Chen, Zhen Li, Zhao Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-378d is Involved in the Regulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy of and E"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sub"}], "href": "sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": "2"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sub"}], "href": "/sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": " Secretion from Cultured Ovarian Granular Cells Treated by Sodium Fluoride."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biol Trace Elem Res (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12011-020-02524-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02524-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33405077"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33405077"}]}]}]}