{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMiR-3928 is increasingly recognized as an important microRNA in cancer biology. In the broader context of microRNAs serving as diagnostic biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, many studies assess the potential of these non-coding RNAs to regulate key cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn response to exogenous stress, such as ionizing radiation, miR-3928 plays a critical regulatory role. Experimental evidence shows that exposure to X-rays causes an early increase in miR-3928 expression, which directly binds to the 3′-untranslated region of Dicer mRNA, leading to a suppression of Dicer expression. This modulation impedes the maturation of other microRNAs and triggers DNA damage signals, including ATR activation, Chk1 phosphorylation, and subsequent G1 cell cycle arrest."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurther studies have linked miR-3928-3p to oncogenic processes in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Here, copy number gains are associated with its upregulation, and its elevated expression correlates significantly with poor patient prognosis. Mechanistically, miR-3928-3p enhances tumorigenesis by inhibiting FAM46C, which in turn leads to increased MYC expression and promotes cell proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast, investigations in glioblastoma reveal a tumor suppressor role for miR-3928. Lower endogenous levels of miR-3928 in glioblastoma tissues and cell lines compared to normal brain tissue suggest its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Overexpression experiments demonstrate that miR-3928 can reduce cell growth and invasiveness in vitro, as well as tumor size in vivo, by targeting several oncogenes—including MDM2, CD44, and CCND1—and by indirectly facilitating the activation of wild-type p53."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rushdi S Fadhil, Ming Q Wei, Dimitrios Nikolarakos, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Salivary microRNA miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928 could be used as potential diagnostic bio-markers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221779"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221779"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32208417"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32208417"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lei Chang, Wentao Hu, Caiyong Ye, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-3928 activates ATR pathway by targeting Dicer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RNA Biol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/rna.21821"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/rna.21821"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22922797"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22922797"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endi Xia, Sotaro Kanematsu, Yusuke Suenaga, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA induction by copy number gain is associated with poor outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-018-33696-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33696-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30337605"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30337605"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elizabeth Q X Mulcahy, Ying Zhang, Rossymar R Colόn, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA 3928 Suppresses Glioblastoma through Downregulation of Several Oncogenes and Upregulation of p53."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms23073930"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073930"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35409289"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35409289"}]}]}]}