{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent work on mitochondrial gene regulation has demonstrated the importance of factors that maintain proper transcriptional balance in mitochondria. For example, studies on mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1 (MTERF1) have shown that this protein orchestrates transcription initiation and prevents interference between opposing transcriptional processes on mitochondrial DNA, ensuring efficient mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast to the mitochondrial transcription regulator above, miR‑3929 has been identified as a microRNA with a distinct role in post‐transcriptional cancer regulation. Specifically, miR‑3929 can bind to the 3′ untranslated region of Cripto‑1 mRNA in cervical cancer cells, leading to a reduction in Cripto‑1 expression. This downregulation is associated with decreased cell viability, reduced DNA synthesis, a marked decrease in proliferation markers such as Ki67, and induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, the microRNA triggers apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, and notably, overexpression of Cripto‑1 can reverse these inhibitory effects."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTogether, these observations underscore that while traditional mitochondrial regulators like MTERF1 are essential for maintaining gene expression integrity within the mitochondrion, miR‑3929 serves as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer by targeting Cripto‑1. The ability of miR‑3929 to induce mitochondrial pathway–dependent apoptosis and inhibit cellular proliferation highlights its potential as a therapeutic candidate for cancer treatment."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mügen Terzioglu, Benedetta Ruzzenente, Julia Harmel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MTERF1 binds mtDNA to prevent transcriptional interference at the light-strand promoter but is dispensable for rRNA gene transcription regulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Metab (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23562081"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23562081"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ying Wang, Xiaoli Li, Shuyue Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-3929 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Downregulating Cripto-1 Expression in Cervical Cancer Cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cytogenet Genome Res (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1159/000518521"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000518521"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34569498"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34569498"}]}]}]}