{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMiR-3940 has been implicated in tumorigenesis through its altered expression in various malignancies. In non‐small cell lung carcinoma, miR-3940-5p is significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared with matched adjacent and normal lung tissues. This reduction is associated with increased cellular proliferation—as shown by a correlation with the Ki-67 index—and with aberrant p53 expression, suggesting that loss of miR-3940-5p may contribute to de‐differentiation and tumor growth. Similarly, reduced expression of miR-3940-5p in skin lesions of vitiligo patients implies a potential role in modulating T lymphocyte–mediated immune responses against melanocytes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast to its tumor‐suppressive features in lung cancer, miR-3940-5p is upregulated in granulosa cells from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, where it acts as a pro-proliferative factor. Functional studies have shown that overexpression of miR-3940-5p enhances granulosa cell proliferation by directly targeting the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 (KCNA5), thereby potentially contributing to the abnormal folliculogenesis observed in PCOS."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional layers of miR-3940 regulation have been uncovered in other cancer types through interactions with non-coding RNAs. In gastric adenocarcinoma, a circular RNA (F-circEA-2a) sequesters the premature form of miR-3940-5p, inhibiting its maturation and consequently reducing its growth-inhibitory effects, which promotes cell proliferation. Likewise, in oral squamous cell carcinoma, miR-3940-3p is downregulated via binding with long non-coding RNA BBOX1-AS1. This interaction relieves the repression on the target gene LAMC2, leading to increased malignant behavior. These findings highlight the multifaceted roles of different strands of MIR3940 in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation in a context-dependent manner."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yifeng Sun, Bo Su, Peng Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of miR-150 and miR-3940-5p is reduced in non-small cell lung carcinoma and correlates with clinicopathological features."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Rep (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/or.2012.2152"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2152"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23228962"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228962"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yi Wang, Keyu Wang, Ningning Dang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulation of miR-3940-5p promotes T-cell activity by targeting the cytokine receptor IL-2R gamma on human cutaneous T-cell lines."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Immunobiology (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27502164"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27502164"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ling Gao, Dandan Wu, Yanting Wu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-3940-5p promotes granulosa cell proliferation through targeting KCNA5 in polycystic ovarian syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.046"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.046"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32019676"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32019676"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bo Hu, Fei Xiao "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circular RNA F-circEA-2a expression is increased in gastric adenocarcinoma and inhibits the transition from premature microRNA-3940-5p to mature microRNA-3940-5p."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioengineered (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/21655979.2022.2038935"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2022.2038935"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35235752"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35235752"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunguang Zhao, Wei Shi, Min Chen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long non-coding RNA BBOX1-antisense RNA 1 enhances cell proliferation and migration and suppresses apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma via the miR-3940-3p/laminin subunit gamma 2 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioengineered (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/21655979.2022.2059982"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2022.2059982"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35506252"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35506252"}]}]}]}