{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nDuring early influenza virus infection, host cells rapidly modulate their microRNA profile to mount an effective antiviral response. Notably, hsa-miRNA-4276 is significantly down-regulated within the first three hours of infection in human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. This decrease in miR-4276 levels correlates with a two-fold increase in cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc (COX6C) mRNA expression and a transient elevation of caspase-9, an initiator of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These molecular changes suggest that the virus‐induced silencing of miR-4276 contributes to the upregulation of COX6C, thereby triggering host cell apoptosis as an early defense mechanism to limit viral replication."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Experimental manipulation using miR-4276 mimics and inhibitors further supports its pivotal role in regulating COX6C expression. Elevating miR-4276 levels via mimics results in the down-regulation of COX6C, while inhibition of this microRNA leads to its up-regulation. These findings highlight miR-4276 as an important regulatory switch during the initial stages of influenza infection, coordinating host apoptotic responses to control viral propagation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sreekumar Othumpangat, John D Noti, Donald H Beezhold "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lung epithelial cells resist influenza A infection by inducing the expression of cytochrome c oxidase VIc which is modulated by miRNA 4276."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Virology (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.virol.2014.08.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.08.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25203353"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25203353"}]}]}]}