{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMicroRNA‐4319 has emerged as a cancer‐suppressive factor in several malignancies. Multiple studies have demonstrated that diminished miR-4319 levels correlate with enhanced tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and with reduced apoptosis in non‐small cell lung cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and esophageal cancer. In some contexts such as prostate cancer and in certain tumor models including triple‐negative breast cancer and a subset of colorectal and osteosarcoma cases, its precise role remains to be fully elucidated (["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]).\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMechanistically, miR-4319 exerts its tumor‐suppressive activity by targeting critical mediators of oncogenic signaling. In non‐small cell lung cancer, one study showed that the long non-coding RNA GNAS-AS1 promotes macrophage M2 polarization and tumor progression by directly inhibiting miR-4319, which normally targets NECAB3, while a separate investigation revealed that miR-4319 represses cell proliferation and migration by binding to LIN28, thereby destabilizing RFX5 mRNA and downregulating YAP expression. In thyroid cancer, miR-4319 inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting SMURF1 and competing with the RNA-binding protein FUS. Furthermore, in breast cancer, the oncogenic lncRNA DANCR sponges miR-4319 to modulate vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB) expression, and in colorectal cancer, HOXA-AS3 acts as a competing endogenous RNA that suppresses miR-4319 activity, leading to upregulation of SPNS2 and subsequent activation of protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. In cervical and esophageal cancers, miR-4319 targets TUFT1 and, as part of the circATXN7/miR-4319/NLRC5 axis, respectively, curtails cell viability and invasion (["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]).\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these findings underscore the multi-faceted, predominantly anti-tumor role of miR-4319 across a wide spectrum of cancers. By targeting diverse oncogenic proteins—ranging from NECAB3, LIN28/RFX5/YAP, SMURF1, VAPB, SPNS2, TUFT1, to NLRC5—miR-4319 dampens signaling pathways that drive tumor progression. Nonetheless, further exploration is necessary in certain cancers such as prostate cancer (["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]), as well as in broader contexts including triple-negative breast cancer, general colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]). The cumulative evidence positions miR-4319 as a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "X Lin, Y Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Re-expression of microRNA-4319 inhibits growth of prostate cancer via Her-2 suppression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Transl Oncol (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12094-018-1871-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-018-1871-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29633185"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29633185"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jiahui Chu, Yongfei Li, Xuemei Fan, et al. 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