| HGNC Family | Non-coding RNAs |
| Name | microRNA 4322 |
| Description | microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA broad body of work has detailed the intricate mechanisms that govern amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the activity of its key protease BACE1 in Alzheimer’s disease. Numerous studies have explored every aspect of this cascade—from exosome‐mediated nucleic acid delivery and axonal APP transport to the proteolytic cleavage events that generate amyloid‑β peptides and affect synaptic function. These reports collectively demonstrate that precise enzymatic control and subcellular trafficking are critical for APP metabolism and that dysregulation of BACE1 activity, whether via post‐translational modifications or altered proteolytic processing, can drive neurodegenerative pathology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn parallel, several investigations have underscored the vital role of noncoding RNA species in regulating the amyloidogenic pathway. Multiple studies have highlighted that microRNAs such as miR‑29, miR‑195, miR‑298, and miR‑328—as well as antisense transcripts—can modulate BACE1 messenger RNA stability and translation, thereby influencing APP cleavage and amyloid‑β production. Despite this robust interest in RNA‐mediated control mechanisms, none of the provided abstracts offers any specific evidence regarding the function or targeting of MIR4322."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn summary, the current literature emphasizes a complex, multilayered regulation of APP processing and BACE1 function in Alzheimer’s disease—with substantial attention given to microRNA‐ and antisense RNA–mediated post‐transcriptional controls. However, while these studies illuminate how various noncoding RNAs modulate amyloidogenic pathways, they do not elucidate any role for MIR4322. Thus, the specific function of MIR4322 remains undefined in these reports, and future research is warranted to determine whether MIR4322 might similarly influence BACE1 expression or other key steps in APP metabolism."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "20", "end_ref": "28"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Kamal, A Almenar-Queralt, J F LeBlanc, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phenotypic and biochemical analyses of BACE1- and BACE2-deficient mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M505249200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M505249200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15987683"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15987683"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fiona M Laird, Huaibin Cai, Alena V Savonenko, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BACE1, a major determinant of selective vulnerability of the brain to amyloid-beta amyloidogenesis, is essential for cognitive, emotional, and synaptic functions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2766-05.2005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2766-05.2005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16354928"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16354928"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michael Willem, Alistair N Garratt, Bozidar Novak, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BACE1 regulates voltage-gated sodium channels and neuronal activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb1602"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1602"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17576410"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17576410"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lisa McConlogue, Manuel Buttini, John P Anderson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Partial reduction of BACE1 has dramatic effects on Alzheimer plaque and synaptic pathology in APP Transgenic Mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M611687200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M611687200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17616527"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17616527"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matthew A Wozniak, Ruth F Itzhaki, Suzanne J Shipley, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic deletion of BACE1 in mice affects remyelination of sciatic nerves."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.08-106666"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-106666"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18413858"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18413858"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohammad Ali Faghihi, Farzaneh Modarresi, Ahmad M Khalil, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer's disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of beta-secretase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Med (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nm1784"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1784"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18587408"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18587408"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mary Cabell Jonas, Claudio Costantini, Luigi Puglielli "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PCSK9 is required for the disposal of non-acetylated intermediates of the nascent membrane protein BACE1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO Rep (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/embor.2008.132"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2008.132"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18660751"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18660751"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vincent Boissonneault, Isabelle Plante, Serge Rivest, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BACE1 deficiency causes altered neuronal activity and neurodegeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1334-10.2010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1334-10.2010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20592204"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592204"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lydia Alvarez-Erviti, Yiqi Seow, Haifang Yin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Biotechnol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nbt.1807"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1807"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21423189"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21423189"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lujia Zhou, Soraia Barão, Mathias Laga, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and CHL1 are cleaved by BACE1 protease in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M112.377465"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.377465"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22692213"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22692213"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hong-Can Zhu, Li-Mei Wang, Miao Wang, et al. 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| NCBI Gene ID | 100422925 |
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| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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MIR4322 has 1,154 functional associations with biological entities spanning 3 categories (molecular profile, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 10 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for MIR4322 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of MIR4322 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MIR4322 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of MIR4322 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of MIR4322 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MIR4322 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MIR4322 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of MIR4322 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of MIR4322 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of MIR4322 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MIR4322 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |