{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe provided abstracts collectively focus on the functions of the transport proteins ENT4/PMAT (encoded by SLC29A4), which regulate the transport of adenosine and monoamine neurotransmitters. For example, one study demonstrated that ENT4 mediates pH‐dependent adenosine transport in ventricular myocytes and endothelial cells, suggesting an important role in heart function—especially under acidic, ischemic conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In another investigation, PMAT was shown to be abundant in the choroid plexus, where its localization on the cerebrospinal fluid–facing membrane aligns with its role in removing neuroactive amines and xenobiotic cations from the CSF, thereby protecting the brain."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional work evaluated the impact of SLC29A4 deletion on vascular function, revealing that the loss of ENT4 influences hemodynamics and vascular reactivity in a sex‐specific manner. In mice lacking ENT4, there were distinct changes in myogenic tone and responses to adenosine and serotonin, underscoring the transporters’ contributions to blood flow regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurther studies addressing PMAT’s function found that alterations in its expression modulate behavioral responses to antidepressant and psychostimulant drugs, as well as stress-induced neuroendocrine changes, again with notable sex differences. These data suggest that, under conditions where primary monoamine transporters are compromised, PMAT plays a critical, albeit modulatory, role in monoaminergic signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIt is important to note that while these abstracts provide substantial insight into the roles of ENT4/PMAT in cardiovascular, cerebrospinal, and behavioral functions, none of them mention or address the function of MIR4457. As such, the current body of work does not offer any information on MIR4457, and its role remains to be elucidated in future research.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kay Barnes, Halina Dobrzynski, Sophie Foppolo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Distribution and functional characterization of equilibrative nucleoside transporter-4, a novel cardiac adenosine transporter activated at acidic pH."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circ Res (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/01.RES.0000238359.18495.42"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000238359.18495.42"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16873718"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16873718"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Haichuan Duan, Joanne Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Impaired monoamine and organic cation uptake in choroid plexus in mice with targeted disruption of the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (Slc29a4) gene."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M112.436972"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.436972"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23255610"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23255610"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ran Wei, Stephen L Gust, David Tandio, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Deletion of murine slc29a4 modifies vascular responses to adenosine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in a sexually dimorphic manner."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Physiol Rep (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.14814/phy2.14395"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14395"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32170814"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32170814"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jasmin N Beaver, Brady L Weber, Matthew T Ford, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Uncovering Functional Contributions of PMAT ("}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "Slc29a4"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": ") to Monoamine Clearance Using Pharmacobehavioral Tools."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cells (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/cells11121874"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11121874"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35741002"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35741002"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brady L Weber, Marissa M Nicodemus, Allianna K Hite, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heterotypic Stressors Unmask Behavioral Influences of PMAT Deficiency in Mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms242216494"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216494"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38003684"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38003684"}]}]}]}