{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nmiR‐448 has emerged as a context‐dependent regulator in cancer. In certain malignancies—including T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and pancreatic, breast, non‐small cell lung, osteosarcoma, pituitary, and Hodgkin’s lymphomas—miR‐448 is frequently downregulated and acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting key oncogenic transcripts such as TAL1, SERBP1, ZEB1, Bcl‐2, Rab2B, IRS2, SATB1, ROCK1, and others; these actions result in inhibited proliferation, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and stemness, while promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the immune and inflammatory domains, miR‐448 also plays a pivotal role. It is upregulated in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, where it contributes to pathogenic T helper 17 cell differentiation by repressing anti‐inflammatory mediators (for example, PTPN2 and SOCS5) and thereby exacerbating disease activity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "18", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in cancer and autoimmunity, miR‐448 participates in diverse processes including vascular remodeling, cellular responses to ionizing radiation, and even serves as a circulating biomarker. 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