MIR449B Gene

HGNC Family Non-coding RNAs
Name microRNA 449b
Description microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
Summary
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA growing body of evidence indicates that miR‐449b and its isoforms act as potent tumor suppressors by orchestrating cell cycle control, apoptosis and proliferation in diverse malignancies. For instance, miR‐449b is transcriptionally induced by E2F1 and, much like its family member miR‐34a, mitigates uncontrolled proliferation through the down‐regulation of essential cell‐cycle drivers such as CDK6, CCND1 and E2F3 in settings ranging from colon cancer stem cells to retinoblastoma and non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma. In ovarian and endometrial carcinoma, as well as osteosarcoma, diminished miR‐449b levels correlate with worse tumor grade and clinical outcome, while its enforced expression suppresses key oncogenic factors such as c‐Met, LGR4 and MDM4 to restore proper cell cycle regulation and promote apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its effects on proliferation, miR‐449b also hampers metastatic potential by curbing cell migration and invasion via the inhibition of pro‐oncogenic mediators and signaling pathways. In breast cancer, overexpression of miR‐449b‐5p targets the oncogene CREPT to suppress the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin cascade, while in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, it directly downregulates TPD52 and, via a feedback loop involving ADAM17 and NF‐κB, reduces both invasion and metastasis. Similarly, in glioblastoma, low miR‐449b‐5p levels are associated with aggressive behavior, underscoring its role as a brake on oncogenic signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its tumor‐suppressive actions, miR‐449b influences cellular responses to external stress and may modulate therapeutic outcomes. For example, miR‐449b enhances radiation sensitivity in cancer cells by targeting eukaryotic elongation factor‐2 kinase and consequently altering protein synthesis and ATP homeostasis. Similarly, in non‐malignant conditions such as endometriosis, upregulation of miR‐449b‐3p dampens the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells, indicating its broader role in regulating cellular growth responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurthermore, the regulation of miR‐449b itself emerges as an important node in disease pathogenesis. Long noncoding RNAs such as NEAT1 and CASC19 have been shown to act as molecular sponges or regulators that diminish miR‐449b availability in glioma and cervical cancer, respectively, thereby indirectly enhancing the expression of their oncogenic targets (e.g. c‐Met). Genetic studies also implicate miR‐449b variants—such as the rs10061133 A>G polymorphism—in conditions like premature ovarian insufficiency, highlighting the clinical relevance of its finely tuned expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "14", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Lizé, S Pilarski, M Dobbelstein "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "E2F1-inducible microRNA 449a/b suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Differ (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cdd.2009.188"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2009.188"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19960022"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19960022"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Li ping Ma, Na Li, Xiang jun He, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[miR-449b and miR-34c on inducing down-regulation of cell cycle-related proteins and cycle arrests in SKOV3-ipl cell, an ovarian cancer cell line]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21321636"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21321636"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yantian Fang, Xiaodong Gu, Zhengyang Li, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Feedback loop in miR-449b-3p/ADAM17/NF-κB promotes metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Med (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/cam4.2469"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2469"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31433128"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31433128"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "W-Z Hou, X-L Chen, L-S Qin, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The miR-449b polymorphism, rs10061133 A>G, is associated with premature ovarian insufficiency."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Menopause (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/GME.0000000000000659"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000659"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27552335"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27552335"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Y J Liu, R X Guo, L P Han, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Effect of CASC19 on proliferation, apoptosis and radiation sensitivity of cervical cancer cells by regulating miR-449b-5p expression]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567X.2020.01.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567X.2020.01.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32074771"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32074771"}]}]}]}
Synonyms MIR-449B, MIRN449B
NCBI Gene ID 693123
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View MIR449B's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View MIR449B's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View MIR449B's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

MIR449B has 664 functional associations with biological entities spanning 5 categories (molecular profile, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 15 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for MIR449B from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of MIR449B gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MIR449B gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of MIR449B gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of MIR449B gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MIR449B gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MIR449B gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of MIR449B gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations biological terms co-occuring with MIR449B gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MIR449B from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with MIR449B gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of MIR449B gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of MIR449B gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
Reactome Pathways 2014 pathways involving MIR449B protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MIR449B gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 pathways involving MIR449B protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset.