{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMicroRNA MIR486‐2 (typically measured as miR‐486‐5p/3p) plays crucial roles in regulating normal cell physiology. In mesenchymal stem cells, elevated levels of miR‐486‐5p promote senescence by targeting SIRT1, thereby impairing cell proliferation and differentiation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In hematopoietic progenitors, the related miR‐486‐3p modulates lineage commitment by supporting erythropoiesis while inhibiting megakaryocyte differentiation through repression of factors such as MAF."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the ovarian follicular environment, miR‐486‐5p appears to promote cumulus cell proliferation via PI3K/Akt signaling"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and similar regulatory effects are observed in ovarian granulosa cells by targeting MST4 in polycystic ovary syndrome."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, exercise‐induced upregulation of miR‐486 in cardiac muscle confers protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury by simultaneously inhibiting PTEN and FoxO1, thus activating the AKT/mTOR pathway."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn various cancers MIR486‐2 exerts tumor‐suppressive functions by regulating key oncogenic pathways. In colorectal cancer, for instance, low miR‐486‐5p (modulated within the XIST/miR‐486‐5p/NRP‐2 axis) facilitates proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In digestive system malignancies such as esophageal and gastric cancers, decreased miR‐486‐5p expression predicts poorer patient prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, restoration of miR‐486‐5p in renal cell carcinoma cells inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis by targeting TGF‐β–activated kinase 1"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while in liver cancer stem‐like cells, its ectopic expression suppresses self‐renewal and invasiveness through downregulation of Sirt1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In papillary thyroid carcinoma, miR‐486‐5p directly targets KIAA1199, thereby affecting cell migration and invasion via modulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, lung squamous cell carcinoma exhibits markedly reduced miR‐486‐5p levels, underscoring its potential function as a tumor suppressor"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and preliminary studies in ovarian cancer suggest a similar involvement."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In adrenocortical carcinoma, diminished miR‐486‐3p may contribute to tumorigenesis by derepressing fatty acid synthase expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in cell proliferation and tumor suppression, MIR486‐2 serves as a promising biomarker and mediator in several other disease contexts. In neurological and inflammatory conditions, elevated serum levels of miR‐486‐5p have been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, suggesting its potential as a disease marker"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while its involvement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is under investigation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In infectious and immune‐mediated settings, altered miR‐486‐3p expression has been implicated in granuloma regulation during tuberculosis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and exosomally transferred miR‐486‐5p from placental endothelial cells modulates trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion in the context of preeclampsia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, emerging data from pediatric studies link miR‐486‐5p expression with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity, suggesting a broader role in metabolic regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yeon Jeong Kim, Soo Hyun Hwang, Sun Young Lee, et al. 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