{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have revealed that miR‐520a—encompassing both the 3p and 5p isoforms—functions predominantly as a tumor suppressor and is frequently downregulated in multiple malignancies. In leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer, decreased levels of miR‐520a have been linked to enhanced cell proliferation, impaired apoptosis, and increased metastatic potential, while genetic polymorphisms affecting its binding sites have been associated with elevated cancer risk. These observations underscore its important role in regulating cell cycle progression and in restraining the cancer stem cell phenotype in both non‐small cell and small cell lung cancers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAt the molecular level, miR‐520a exerts its tumor‐suppressive activity by targeting a diverse array of oncogenes and regulatory factors via both direct interaction and engagement in competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. For instance, in non‑small cell lung cancer, miR‑520a directly degrades HOXD8 mRNA and suppresses ribonucleotide reductase subunit 2 (RRM2), thereby downregulating pro‐tumorigenic Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. In ovarian cancer, its direct target is SUV39H1, leading to reduced cell invasion and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, whereas in cervical carcinoma, miR‑520a downregulates CXCL8 to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis. Moreover, ceRNA interactions involving long noncoding RNAs such as LINC01614 and LINC01748—as well as circular RNAs like circ‑SEC31A—further modulate miR‑520a availability and activity in osteosarcoma and lung cancer, respectively. Beyond oncogenesis, miR‑520a is implicated in the regulation of cytokine secretion, antiviral responses through targeting AKT1 in hepatitis B virus replication, and even vascular processes associated with in‑stent restenosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these findings highlight the multifaceted role of miR‑520a in disease pathogenesis and its potential value as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target. By modulating key signaling pathways—including NF‑κB, p53, and Wnt/β‑catenin—and by participating in complex regulatory networks with long noncoding and circular RNAs, restoration or targeted manipulation of miR‑520a levels may offer promising strategies to counteract tumor progression, overcome drug resistance, and address other pathological conditions. As research continues to elucidate its diverse molecular interactions, miR‑520a stands out as a candidate for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches in oncology and beyond.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Burçin Tezcanlı Kaymaz, Vildan Bozok Cetintaş, Cağdaş Aktan, et al. 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