{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nmiR-550a-3, particularly the miR-550a-3-5p isoform, has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor in several cancers by directly targeting oncogenic signaling pathways. For instance, in multiple cancer cell types, miR-550a-3-5p suppresses cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor sphere formation by inhibiting YAP, an established promoter of tumor progression and drug resistance. In addition, miR-550a-3-5p treatment has been demonstrated to re-sensitize BRAF inhibitor–resistant colon and melanoma cells, suggesting its potential utility as a therapeutic tool in overcoming resistance to targeted therapies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast, while miR-550a-3p is recognized for its role in the regulation of malignant tumors including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), its precise function in NSCLC progression remains to be fully elucidated."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), elevated levels of miR-550a-3 correlate with a poorer prognosis. Functional studies in ESCC cells have shown that miR-550a-3 promotes proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process by directly targeting the nuclear factor IC (NFIC). Notably, re-expression of NFIC can attenuate these malignant behaviors, highlighting a critical miR-550a-3/NFIC regulatory axis in ESCC."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond oncology, miR-550a-3p also plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In a cellular model of vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), miR-550a-3p was found to inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration induced by thrombomodulin (TM) overexpression. The restoration of miR-550a-3p expression counteracts TM-mediated cellular effects, suggesting that the miR-550a-3p/TM axis may serve as a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerotic vascular injury."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Min Ho Choe, Yina Yoon, Joon Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-550a-3-5p acts as a tumor suppressor and reverses BRAF inhibitor resistance through the direct targeting of YAP."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41419-018-0698-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-0698-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29844307"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29844307"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J-Z Yang, L Bian, J-G Hou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-550a-3p promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through down-regulating TIMP2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.26355/eurrev_201807_15408"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201807_15408"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30024604"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30024604"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Huiqing Wang, Xiaoyu Shi, Shanbin Wu "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-550a-3/NFIC plays a driving role in esophageal squamous cell cancer cells proliferation and metastasis partly through EMT process."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biochem (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s11010-020-03790-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-020-03790-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32567032"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32567032"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shiyuan Chen, Longfei Zhang, Benchi Feng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-550a-3p restores damaged vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting thrombomodulin in an <em>in vitro</em> atherosclerosis model."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Histochem (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4081/ejh.2022.3429"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2022.3429"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35855629"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35855629"}]}]}]}