{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMicroRNA‐552 (miR-552) has emerged as a multifunctional regulator in several malignancies. In colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and other tumors, miR-552 is frequently upregulated and associated with enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Notably, its altered expression has even been observed in specific cancer cell subpopulations related to drug resistance, underscoring its potential utility as a biomarker. Moreover, preliminary findings in other cancers such as ovarian and gastric cancers have suggested that miR-552 may function as an oncogene, although its precise role in these settings remains to be fully elucidated."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMechanistically, miR-552 exerts its effects through a dual mode of gene regulation. It can directly interfere with transcription—for example, by forming hybrids with promoter regions to suppress genes such as CYP2E1—and it also binds to the 3′ untranslated regions of target transcripts to downregulate key tumor suppressors. Among the functional targets identified are p53, ADAM28, AJAP1, WIF1, TIMP2, and FOXO1. In addition, miR-552 is itself modulated by upstream regulators and can be sequestered by noncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs, which mitigate its suppressive actions on tumor-suppressive genes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurthermore, miR-552 is intricately entwined with several oncogenic signaling networks. In pancreatic cancer, for instance, transcriptional activation by FOXM1 upregulates miR-552 to suppress additional tumor suppressors (such as DACH1, PCDH10, and SMAD4), thereby promoting cell migration and progression. In non‐small cell lung cancer, miR-552 targets FBLN5 to stimulate the ERK/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway, while in hepatocellular carcinoma its regulation of ACSL4 affects ferroptosis sensitivity. Intriguingly, in the context of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, upregulation of miR-552 contributes to the alleviation of fibrotic and inflammatory pathways. Collectively, these findings illustrate the complex and context-dependent roles of miR-552 and highlight its promise as a therapeutic target across diverse disease settings."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "14", "end_ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhong-Sheng Xia, Lin Wang, Tao Yu, et al. 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