{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMicroRNA-575 (miR-575) emerges as an important regulator in several types of cancer by acting predominantly as an oncogenic factor. In gastric cancer, elevated miR-575 accelerates tumor development by directly targeting the tumor suppressor PTEN, which leads to increased proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, positioning miR-575 as a promoter of cancer cell survival and growth."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, miR-575 is upregulated and participates in a feedback loop with ERα, whereby its overexpression decreases tamoxifen sensitivity through the direct downregulation of CDKN1B and BRCA1. This modulation disrupts the normal control of cell cycle progression and DNA repair, contributing to therapy resistance and poorer patient outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond tumor cells, miR-575 also plays a role in vascular biology. In endothelial cells from hypertensive patients, its overexpression impairs angiogenesis by inhibiting migration and proliferation and promoting apoptotic pathways through targeting Rab5B. This function links miR-575 to atherosclerotic risk by modulating early vascular remodeling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn brain malignancies, such as glioma and glioblastoma, increased levels of miR-575 have been correlated with aggressive disease phenotypes. In glioma tissues, miR-575 upregulation is associated with enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion, and it serves as a potential prognostic biomarker for patient survival. Similar associations with overall survival have been reported in glioblastoma—suggesting that miR-575 contributes to tumorigenesis and disease progression in these central nervous system tumors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ya-Nan Wang, Fang Xu, Pei Zhang, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The ERα-miR-575-p27 feedback loop regulates tamoxifen sensitivity in ER-positive Breast Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Theranostics (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7150/thno.46297"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.46297"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32929377"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32929377"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xin Zhao, Yaping Yi, Chao Meng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiRNA-575 suppresses angiogenesis by targeting Rab5-MEK-ERK pathway in endothelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biosci Rep (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1042/BSR20181218"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20181218"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30333257"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30333257"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Guangxin Wei, Shengjun Li, Pengcheng Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Altered Expression of miR-575 in Glioma is Related to Tumor Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuromolecular Med (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12017-021-08679-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-021-08679-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34272655"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34272655"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ashley Gray, Tiantian Cui, Erica Hlavin Bell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-575 acts as a novel oncogene via targeting multiple signaling pathways in glioblastoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Mol Pathol (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104813"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104813"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35901926"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35901926"}]}]}]}