{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCirculating microRNAs have emerged as promising non‐invasive biomarkers for early cancer detection. In fact, recent efforts in colorectal cancer have explored plasma miRNA panels to improve diagnostic accuracy, and similar approaches in non‐small cell lung cancer indicate that altered serum levels of miR-601 may serve as an effective biomarker for early detection and prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMechanistically, miR-601 appears to function predominantly as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types and cellular contexts. In breast cancer, its downregulation is closely linked to distant metastasis and poor survival, with overexpression curbing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by directly targeting PTP4A1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In retinal pigment epithelial cells, miR-601 targets the 3'-UTR of Cul3, leading to Nrf2 stabilization, nuclear translocation, and activation of antioxidant response elements to protect against oxidative injury."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Complementary studies in lung cancer cells using A549 models demonstrate that miR-601 overexpression alters gene expression profiles—impinging on negative regulation of translation, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and NF-κB-dependent transcription."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, miR-601 impedes cell proliferation and invasion"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and in pancreatic cancer, decreased miR-601 levels correlate with enhanced metastatic potential; its enforced expression suppresses proliferation and migration by downregulating SIRT1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In hepatocellular carcinoma, miR-601 is sequestered by the lncRNA PP7080, thereby de-repressing SIRT1 signaling and facilitating proliferation, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional investigations have reported aberrant expression patterns of miR-601 in gastric cancer"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its role in glioblastoma cell proliferation is currently under study."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings underscore miR-601 as a multifaceted regulator of critical cellular pathways—including modulation of oxidative stress responses, NF-κB signaling, and other processes essential for the control of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion—thereby highlighting its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target across a spectrum of malignancies.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qifeng Wang, Zhaohui Huang, Shujuan Ni, et al. 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