{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent investigations have begun to elucidate the involvement of miR‑602 in liver pathophysiology. In one study, the role of miR‑602 was examined in the progression from chronic hepatitis B virus infection to hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that this microRNA may be implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, although its precise mechanism in this context remains to be fully defined."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, miR‑602 is markedly upregulated in tumor tissues and patient serum relative to non‑tumorous tissues and healthy controls. Its overexpression correlates with lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage and poor overall survival. Mechanistic studies have identified the transcription factor FOXK2 as a direct target of miR‑602; downregulation of FOXK2 by miR‑602 enhances proliferation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression. Importantly, therapeutic inhibition of miR‑602 in vivo reduces tumor growth, underscoring its oncogenic potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the context of ischemic stroke, clinical evaluations have revealed that patients exhibit significantly lower serum levels of miR‑602 compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, these diminished levels—alongside elevated levels of S100B—may serve as diagnostic markers, with miR‑602 levels correlating with the severity of neurological deficits. These findings indicate that miR‑602 holds promise as a diagnostic and potentially prognostic biomarker in ischemic cerebrovascular disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in tumorigenesis and stroke, miR‑602 also plays a part in the regulation of cellular stress responses. In an in vitro model of oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation using human brain microvascular endothelial cells, miR‑602 is upregulated and acts protectively by reducing reactive oxygen species production and promoting cell survival. This protective effect is mediated through the activation of the NRF2/ARE pathway, with KEAP1 and HRD1 identified as downstream effectors whose overexpression counteracts miR‑602’s benefits."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn gastric cancer, an interplay between the long noncoding RNA HITT and miR‑602 has been observed. Although patient samples reveal upregulated HITT concomitant with downregulated mature miR‑602, experimental overexpression of HITT in gastric cancer cells specifically increases mature miR‑602 levels without altering its precursor form. Functionally, miR‑602 appears to act as an inhibitor of apoptosis; HITT overexpression further promotes apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by counteracting the anti‑apoptotic effects of miR‑602. These findings underscore the complexity of miR‑602 maturation regulation and its impact on cell survival in gastric cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lian Yang, Zhaolong Ma, Dongdong Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-602 regulating tumor suppressive gene RASSF1A is overexpressed in hepatitis B virus-infected liver and hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Biol Ther (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/cbt.9.10.11440"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/cbt.9.10.11440"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20364114"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20364114"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meiyue Liu, Jiarui Yu, Dan Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epigenetically Upregulated MicroRNA-602 Is Involved in a Negative Feedback Loop with FOXK2 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Ther (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.07.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.07.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31401147"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31401147"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mina Rahmati, Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh, Hassan Ehteram, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The elevation of S100B and downregulation of circulating miR-602 in the sera of ischemic stroke (IS) patients: the emergence of novel diagnostic and prognostic markers."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurol Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10072-020-04323-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04323-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32166472"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32166472"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunli Ma, Lei Yang, Qiang Gao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-602 Activates NRF2 Antioxidant Pathways to Protect HBMECs from OGD/R-Induced Oxidative Stress via Targeting KEAP1 and HRD1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dis Markers (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1155/2022/6967573"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6967573"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36193504"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36193504"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yun Chen, Canhui Ouyang, Lingyun Liao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Upregulation of lncRNA HITT promotes cell apoptosis by suppressing the maturation of miR-602 in gastric cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Histol Histopathol (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.14670/HH-18-495"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-495"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35852131"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35852131"}]}]}]}