{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies indicate that miR-6089 plays an important anti‐inflammatory role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by modulating toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in macrophages. In one investigation, exosome‐encapsulated miR-6089 was found to be significantly decreased in the serum of RA patients compared with healthy controls. Functional experiments revealed that miR-6089 directly targets TLR4 and, by doing so, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation and activation of macrophage-like cells. This downregulation of TLR4 signaling consequently restrains the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-29, and TNF-α."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn a complementary study, researchers demonstrated that the long non-coding RNA HIX003209 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-6089 in macrophages. This sequestration effectively diminishes the ability of miR-6089 to suppress TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation, thereby exacerbating the inflammatory response. Together, these findings suggest that miR-6089 normally acts as a negative regulator of TLR4-mediated inflammation, and its dysregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA. The dual evidence outlines the therapeutic potential of modulating miR-6089 levels in inflammatory disease states."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Donghua Xu, Meiyan Song, Chunxiang Chai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exosome-encapsulated miR-6089 regulates inflammatory response via targeting TLR4."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Physiol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcp.27014"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27014"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30132861"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30132861"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shushan Yan, Pingping Wang, Jinghua Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long Non-coding RNA HIX003209 Promotes Inflammation by Sponging miR-6089 via TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Immunol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fimmu.2019.02218"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02218"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31620132"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31620132"}]}]}]}