{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSeveral studies have characterized the functions of synaptic adhesion molecules of the SALM/Lrfn family in neural development. One investigation demonstrated that all five SALM proteins promote neurite outgrowth in cultured hippocampal neurons with distinct phenotypic outcomes, emphasizing the importance of both the N-terminal extracellular regions and the C-terminal PDZ binding domains in mediating these effects (for example, directing neurite extension) ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. In complementary work, SALM4 was found to act as a negative regulator of excitatory synapse development by cis-inhibiting SALM3’s synaptogenic function, a mechanism that is further underscored by behavioral and electrophysiological changes in knockout mice ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast to the neural context described above, miR-6844 has been investigated specifically in breast cancer cells. This microRNA plays a pivotal role in sustaining the stemness and self‐renewal properties of breast cancer stem-like cells. Downregulation of miR-6844 in mammosphere cultures derived from MCF-7 and T47D cells significantly reduces cell proliferation and sphere formation, concomitantly decreasing key stemness markers such as Bmi-1, Nanog, c-Myc, Sox2, and CD44. Mechanistically, the loss of miR-6844 disrupts the CD44‐JAK2-STAT3 signaling axis—an effect evidenced by diminished phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, downregulation of cell cycle regulators CCND1 and CDK4 leading to G2/M arrest, and the induction of apoptotic pathways along with reduced migratory and invasive behavior ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Philip Y Wang, Gail K Seabold, Robert J Wenthold "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Synaptic adhesion-like molecules (SALMs) promote neurite outgrowth."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Neurosci (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.mcn.2008.05.019"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2008.05.019"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18585462"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18585462"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eunkyung Lie, Ji Seung Ko, Su-Yeon Choi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SALM4 suppresses excitatory synapse development by cis-inhibiting trans-synaptic SALM3-LAR adhesion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms12328"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12328"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27480238"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27480238"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eunkyung Lie, Yeji Yeo, Eun-Jae Lee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SALM4 negatively regulates NMDA receptor function and fear memory consolidation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Commun Biol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s42003-021-02656-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02656-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34588597"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34588597"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kumari Sunita Prajapati, Shashank Kumar "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Loss of miR-6844 alters stemness/self-renewal and cancer hallmark(s) markers through CD44-JAK2-STAT3 signaling axis in breast cancer stem-like cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biochem (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcb.30441"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.30441"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37436061"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37436061"}]}]}]}