{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nmiR‐770 has emerged as a multifaceted regulator in cancer, where its expression and function appear highly context‐dependent. In triple negative breast cancer, increased miR‐770 expression is associated with enhanced chemosensitivity to doxorubicin, reduced metastatic behavior, and induction of apoptosis through targeting of effectors such as STMN1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In ovarian cancer, lowered miR‐770‐5p levels correlate with cisplatin resistance, while its overexpression restores drug sensitivity via negative regulation of ERCC2."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Likewise, in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and HER2+ breast cancer, miR‐770‐5p demonstrates tumor‐suppressive properties by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, with added potential to enhance radiotherapy efficacy through regulation of targets such as PBK."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In contrast, in certain contexts such as non‐small cell lung cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma—as well as hepatocellular carcinoma via a Wnt/β‐catenin–mediated mechanism targeting FBXW7—miR‐770 has been associated with oncogenic features."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In glioma, its downregulation—partly through sponging by lncRNAs such as PCGEM1 and TPT1‐AS1—leads to derepression of targets like STMN1, thereby promoting proliferation and dysregulated autophagy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond oncogenesis, miR‐770‐5p has shown promise as a circulating biomarker in metabolic disorders. In patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, serum levels of miR‐770‐5p correlate with glycemic control and are elevated in individuals with microvascular complications and diabetic nephropathy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, altered miR‐770 expression has been noted in other non‐malignant conditions such as osteoarthritis, highlighting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in diverse disease states."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMechanistically, miR‐770 modulates key signaling pathways by directly targeting genes involved in DNA repair (ERCC2), cell cycle regulation (FBXW7), EMT (DNMT3A), and cell survival (PBK, Sirt7). Its regulation by long non‐coding RNAs—including the sponging effects of PCGEM1 and TPT1‐AS1—further refines its impact on cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, invasion, and response to radiotherapy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "16"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings reflect the dualistic role of miR‐770, acting as a tumor suppressor in several cancers by enhancing chemosensitivity and inhibiting metastatic cascades, while in other contexts its upregulation may drive oncogenic processes. Future studies are warranted to better delineate the therapeutic implications of modulating miR‐770 expression across different disease settings.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yaming Li, Yiran Liang, Yuting Sang, et al. 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