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In this context, elevated levels of circulating miR‑92a serve as useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and also influence cancer stem cell–like properties, thereby contributing to tumor progression and relapse."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the vasculature, miR‐92a plays a critical role in modulating endothelial homeostasis and repair. By fine‐tuning signaling cascades—including those mediated by the JNK/c‑Jun and PI3K/Akt pathways (via targets such as MKK4)—miR‑92a governs key processes like re‑endothelialization and the innate immune response. Moreover, altered levels of circulating miR‑92a have been linked with endothelial dysfunction, coronary atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases. These observations have led to therapeutic strategies employing miR‑92a inhibition (for example, using locked nucleic acid–based antimiRs) to restore vascular function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "12", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its intracellular functions, miR‑92a‐3p is actively secreted via exosomes, thereby mediating intercellular communication in diverse biological contexts. In musculoskeletal tissues, exosomal miR‑92a modulates chondrogenesis and cartilage integrity by regulating the expression of key factors such as HDAC2 and aggrecanases (ADAMTS‑4/5), implicating it in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Additionally, miR‑92a derived from brown adipose tissue and tumor cells influences angiogenesis and the formation of pre‑metastatic niches by regulating tight junction and adhesion molecules (for example, claudin‑11 and KLF2). 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