{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMicroRNA‐942 (miR‑942, including its mature isoform miR‑942‑5p) emerges from these studies as a multifaceted regulator in diverse human pathologies. In some contexts, elevated miR‑942 levels are associated with resistance to apoptosis and enhanced oncogenic signaling. For instance, in hepatocellular contexts, miR‑942 negatively regulates ISG12a, thereby modulating TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis and contributing to viral and cancer cell survival, while in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma miR‑942 promotes tumor sphere formation and activates Wnt/β‑catenin signaling by targeting negative regulators such as sFRP4, GSK3β, and TLE1. Moreover, altered circulating levels of miR‑942 have been linked with disease states such as preeclampsia, and its dysregulation appears to underlie inflammatory and apoptotic responses in septic acute kidney injury."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA second prominent theme is the regulation of miR‑942 by competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in various cancers. Multiple groups have reported that specific circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs act as molecular sponges for miR‑942‑5p, thereby releasing tumor‑suppressive factors to influence cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug responsiveness. For example, circFOXK2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, circEPSTI1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and other circRNAs in colorectal, ovarian, and non‑small cell lung cancers sequester miR‑942‑5p, modulating the expression of key genes including ANK1, GDNF, PAX6, LTBP2, APC, and NFKBIA. In addition, a ceRNA network involving miR‑942 has been implicated in renal cell carcinoma drug resistance via regulation of genes such as SALL1, METAP1, and DCAF11, while in melanoma, aberrant miR‑942‑5p expression further underscores its oncogenic potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional studies reveal that miR‑942 also plays critical roles in modulating other cellular processes with therapeutic implications. In colorectal cancer, for instance, circRNAs such as circ0106714 and circ_0007919 suppress tumor progression by sponging miR‑942‑5p to restore the expression of tumor suppressors like DLG2 and TET1. Similarly, in cervical cancer, circ_0000730 acts through a miR‑942‑5p/PTEN axis to inhibit malignant behaviors. Beyond oncology, in Parkinson’s disease models, miR‑942‑5p is directly targeted by lncRNA SOX2‑OT to regulate apoptosis via NAIF1, while in bone tissue, regulation of miR‑942‑5p influences osteogenic differentiation via PCP4. Furthermore, the modulation of miR‑942 levels appears to contribute to chemotherapeutic responsiveness, as highlighted by its role in ovarian cancer drug resistance mediated by circ‑PIP5K1A. Collectively, these findings position miR‑942 as a central nodal point in ceRNA networks that control key oncogenic and cell fate pathways, suggesting its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "14", "end_ref": "21"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Darong Yang, Xianghe Meng, Binbin Xue, et al. 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