MMP28 Gene

HGNC Family	Metzincin metallopeptidases
Name	matrix metallopeptidase 28
Description	Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix for both normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction and tissue remodeling, and disease processes, such as asthma and metastasis. This gene encodes a secreted enzyme that degrades casein. Its expression pattern suggests that it plays a role in tissue homeostasis and in wound repair. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMMP28, also known as epilysin, is a distinctive member of the matrix metalloproteinase family that is constitutively expressed in normal epithelial tissues—including skin, lung, and components of the nervous system—and is tightly regulated during development and wound repair. In cutaneous wounds, for example, MMP28 is produced by mitotically active keratinocytes located away from the wound edge, suggesting an important role in basement membrane restructuring and the disassembly of intercellular adhesions necessary for tissue regeneration. In developing and regenerating neural tissues, its expression appears to be critical for creating and maturing the local microenvironment. Transcriptional regulation by factors such as Sp1—as modulated by histone deacetylase activity—further underscores its finely tuned expression in these contexts."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its developmental role, MMP28 actively modulates the extracellular matrix and cell phenotype. Functional studies indicate that its over‐expression can trigger an epithelial–mesenchymal transition—accompanied by dramatic changes in cell morphology, increased actin organization, and altered adhesion properties—thus favoring a more adhesive yet less migratory cell behavior. Moreover, in pulmonary epithelial cells, enhanced MMP28 expression confers protection against apoptosis under stress, suggesting that the enzyme participates in promoting cell survival. Environmental stimuli such as nicotine have also been found to influence its basal expression in oral keratinocytes, while its levels in osteoarthritic tissues support a role in matrix turnover."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMMP28’s dysregulation is increasingly being implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. In gastric cancer, for instance, the transcription factor KLF9 directly suppresses MMP28 expression, and modulating its levels can reverse the invasive capacity of tumor cells. Similar associations have been observed in other malignancies—such as triple‐negative breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma, malignant glioma, and bladder urothelial carcinoma—where altered MMP28 expression correlates with both tumor aggressiveness and clinical outcome. In some studies, decreased MMP28 expression in advanced colorectal lesions, together with altered levels of other matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors, has been suggested as a potential marker for tumor diagnosis. Collectively, these findings highlight a complex, context‐dependent role for MMP28 in tumor cell invasion and metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in development and cancer, MMP28 is emerging as an important mediator in a variety of chronic disorders affecting musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. Elevated expression in osteoarthritic cartilage and synovium, as well as in degenerative intervertebral disc tissues, points to a function in extracellular matrix turnover and tissue remodeling. In periodontal disease, altered mRNA levels of MMP28 in gingival tissues have been linked to both chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Similarly, in the cardiovascular realm, aberrant MMP28 expression—with serum level changes correlating with disease severity—has been observed in conditions such as coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker in these disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "17", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ulpu Saarialho-Kere, Erja Kerkelä, Tiina Jahkola, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epilysin (MMP-28) expression is associated with cell proliferation during epithelial repair."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Invest Dermatol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01790.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01790.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12164918"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12164918"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sean R Werner, Joseph E Dotzlaf, Rosamund C Smith "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MMP-28 as a regulator of myelination."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Neurosci (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2202-9-83"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-9-83"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18778487"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18778487"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ursula R Rodgers, Lara Kevorkian, Alison K Surridge, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression and function of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-28."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matrix Biol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.matbio.2009.04.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2009.04.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19375502"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19375502"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tuomas J Heiskanen, Sara A Illman, Jouko Lohi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epilysin (MMP-28) is deposited to the basolateral extracellular matrix of epithelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matrix Biol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.matbio.2008.12.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2008.12.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19379669"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19379669"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tracey E Swingler, Lara Kevorkian, Kirsty L Culley, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke increases matrix metalloproteinases and Filaggrin mRNA expression in oral keratinocytes: role of nicotine stimulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oral Oncol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21723775"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21723775"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marina Klawitter, Lilian Quero, Alessando Bertolo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human MMP28 expression is unresponsive to inflammatory stimuli and does not correlate to the grade of intervertebral disc degeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Negat Results Biomed (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1477-5751-10-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21801383"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21801383"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anne M Manicone, Susanna Harju-Baker, Laura K Johnston, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epilysin is overexpressed in glioblastoma and related to clinical outcome of patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Med Oncol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12032-014-0363-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-014-0363-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25429835"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25429835"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zbigniew Lorenc, Dariusz Waniczek, Katarzyna Lorenc-Podgórska, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "KLF9 suppresses gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis through transcriptional inhibition of MMP28."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.201802531R"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201802531R"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30913394"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30913394"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heng Wang, Jun-Xiu Wu, Xin-Peng Chen, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Potential roles of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-28 (MMP-28) in patients with atrial fibrillation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Life Sci (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.053"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.053"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29729262"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29729262"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	MMP-28, EPILYSIN, MM28
Proteins	MMP28_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	79148
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

MMP28 has 5,068 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 107 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for MMP28 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

MMP28 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by MMP28 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of MMP28 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of MMP28 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with MMP28 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MMP28 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of MMP28 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of MMP28 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of MMP28 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing MMP28 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing MMP28 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with MMP28 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with MMP28 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of MMP28 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with MMP28 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with MMP28 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MMP28 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by MMP28 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with MMP28 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with MMP28 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MMP28 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with MMP28 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for MMP28 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MMP28 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MMP28 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of MMP28 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MMP28 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of MMP28 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with MMP28 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MMP28 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of MMP28 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.