MUC4 Gene

HGNC Family	Mucins (MUC)
Name	mucin 4, cell surface associated
Description	The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. These glycoproteins play important roles in the protection of the epithelial cells and have been implicated in epithelial renewal and differentiation. This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. At least two dozen transcript variants of this gene have been found, although for many of them the full-length transcript has not been determined or they are found only in tumor tissues. This gene contains a region in the coding sequence which has a variable number (>100) of 48 nt tandem repeats. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMUC4 is a high‐molecular weight transmembrane glycoprotein that is aberrantly expressed in diverse carcinomas and soft tissue neoplasms, making it an excellent diagnostic and prognostic marker. In low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma its diffuse and intense expression is highly sensitive and specific for these tumors"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while in ovarian and biliary tract carcinomas MUC4 overexpression is amongst the earliest detectable alterations."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In pancreatic lesions, where MUC4 is not expressed in the normal tissue, its de novo expression aids in discriminating malignant from benign processes"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its unexpected expression in periodontitis suggests a broader role in mucosal defense."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its utility as a biomarker, MUC4 actively modulates key signaling pathways to promote tumor progression. Functional studies in pancreatic and ovarian cancer models have demonstrated that MUC4 interacts with receptor tyrosine kinases—most notably HER2/ErbB2—to alter receptor localization, potentiate downstream signaling, and thereby enhance cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "10", "end_ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, functional silencing of MUC4 has been shown to inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis by reducing anti‐apoptotic signals and perturbing actin re‐organization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "13", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, by modulating pathways that affect E‐cadherin stability and β‐catenin signaling, MUC4 contributes to epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance, as observed in studies exploring its role in pancreatic cancer and trastuzumab‐resistant breast cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "16", "end_ref": "22"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMUC4 expression and function are themselves subject to complex regulation by external and epigenetic factors. Its transcriptional activation can be induced by TGF‐β under Smad‐dependent mechanisms, whereas environmental stimuli such as cigarette smoke and bile acids upregulate MUC4, promoting a more aggressive malignant phenotype."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "23", "end_ref": "28"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, contribute to variability in MUC4 expression"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "29"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while natural compounds such as thymoquinone can decrease MUC4 levels via proteasomal degradation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "31"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, microRNAs including miR-219-1-3p serve as negative regulators of MUC4, and its modified forms become targets for anti-tumor T cells, underscoring its potential as an immunotherapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "32", "end_ref": "36"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "26"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Llucia Alos, Blanca Lujan, Mireia Castillo, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-219-1-3p is a negative regulator of the mucin MUC4 expression and is a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2014.11"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2014.11"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24608432"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24608432"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	ASGP, MUC-4, HSA276359
Proteins	MUC4_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	4585
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

MUC4 has 8,102 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 112 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for MUC4 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

MUC4 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of MUC4 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of MUC4 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with MUC4 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with MUC4 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MUC4 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of MUC4 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of MUC4 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of MUC4 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing MUC4 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing MUC4 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with MUC4 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with MUC4 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of MUC4 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with MUC4 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with MUC4 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MUC4 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by MUC4 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with MUC4 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with MUC4 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with MUC4 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MUC4 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with MUC4 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MUC4 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MUC4 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of MUC4 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MUC4 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MUC4 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MUC4 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of MUC4 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with MUC4 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MUC4 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.