{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMYG1 (Melanocyte proliferating gene 1, also known as C12orf10 or Gamm1) is a highly conserved gene present in both simple and complex eukaryotes. Early studies predicted that its protein product contains a metal‐dependent protein hydrolase (UPF0160) domain, and initial work focused on elucidating its expression profile and subcellular localization, laying the groundwork for understanding its emerging biological roles."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSubsequent investigations revealed that MYG1 functions as a ubiquitous nucleo‐mitochondrial protein involved in early developmental processes as well as adult stress and illness responses. Genetic analyses identified both promoter and coding polymorphisms that affect MYG1 regulation; notably, these variants have been linked to pigmentary disorders, with elevated MYG1 expression and specific polymorphisms being associated with vitiligo, suggesting an involvement in melanocyte biology and immune modulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurther functional analyses have established MYG1 as a 3′–5′ RNA exonuclease that plays a critical role in organellar RNA processing. Dually localized in the nucleolus and mitochondrial matrix, MYG1 facilitates the maturation of pre‐ribosomal RNA—thereby influencing ribosome assembly and cytoplasmic translation—and processes the 3′ termini of mitochondrial ribosomal and messenger RNAs, ultimately modulating mitochondrial protein synthesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMore recent studies have also implicated MYG1 in cancer metabolism. In colorectal cancer, upregulated MYG1 promotes a metabolic shift toward glycolysis independent of its exonuclease activity by recruiting protein complexes that enhance PKM2 phosphorylation and stability. This activity is complemented by mitochondrial functions that simultaneously inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and block apoptotic signaling, collectively contributing to tumor progression and highlighting MYG1 as a potential therapeutic target in cancers characterized by metabolic dysregulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mari-Anne Philips, Jonas Vikeså, Hendrik Luuk, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of MYG1 gene and protein: subcellular distribution and function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biol Cell (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1042/BC20080086"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1042/BC20080086"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19014353"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19014353"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mari-Anne Philips, Külli Kingo, Maire Karelson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Promoter polymorphism -119C/G in MYG1 (C12orf10) gene is related to vitiligo susceptibility and Arg4Gln affects mitochondrial entrance of Myg1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Med Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2350-11-56"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2350-11-56"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20377893"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20377893"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mitesh Dwivedi, Naresh C Laddha, Rasheedunnisa Begum "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Correlation of increased MYG1 expression and its promoter polymorphism with disease progression and higher susceptibility in vitiligo patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Dermatol Sci (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.026"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.026"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23706493"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23706493"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ritika Grover, Shaunak A Burse, Shambhavi Shankrit, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Myg1 exonuclease couples the nuclear and mitochondrial translational programs through RNA processing."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gkz371"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz371"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31081026"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31081026"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jianxiong Chen, Shiyu Duan, Yulu Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MYG1 drives glycolysis and colorectal cancer development through nuclear-mitochondrial collaboration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-024-49221-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49221-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38862489"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38862489"}]}]}]}