{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNeurogenin3 (NEUROG3) is a master regulator of pancreatic endocrine cell fate whose expression triggers a cascade of downstream transcription factors—including NeuroD, Pax4, and Nkx proteins—that drive the conversion of progenitor and even adult non‐endocrine cells toward an endocrine phenotype. Ectopic expression of NEUROG3 in human pancreatic duct cells or pluripotent stem cell–derived progenitors has been shown to induce the expression of genes essential for beta‐cell differentiation and insulin production, an effect that can be potentiated by inflammatory cytokines and specific reprogramming protocols. These findings highlight NEUROG3’s pivotal role in both embryonic islet formation and regenerative strategies aimed at replacing lost or dysfunctional beta cells in diabetes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNEUROG3 activity is intricately controlled by multiple regulatory mechanisms that integrate cell cycle dynamics with the initiation of endocrine differentiation. Its protein stability and transcriptional activity are modulated by post‐translational modifications—such as cyclin-dependent kinase–mediated multisite phosphorylation that marks it for proteasomal degradation—and by upstream effectors including STAT3, which directly activates the NEUROG3 promoter. In addition, interactions with transcriptional coactivators and regulatory factors such as CCAR1, BMI1, and other chromatin modulators fine-tune its ability to engage target enhancers, ensuring that endocrine lineage commitment occurs at the appropriate developmental stage."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nGenetic studies in humans further underscore NEUROG3’s critical role, as both hypomorphic and null mutations—as well as common polymorphisms—have been associated with a spectrum of disorders ranging from congenital malabsorptive diarrhea (reflecting enteroendocrine cell dysgenesis) to varied forms of diabetes including neonatal and type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide and candidate gene association studies across diverse populations have linked NEUROG3 variants to impaired insulin secretion, altered glucose homeostasis, and reduced beta-cell mass, thereby implicating NEUROG3 dosage in the pathogenesis of diabetes. These observations not only provide insight into the tissue-specific requirements for NEUROG3 in pancreas versus gut development but also highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in regenerative medicine."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "16", "end_ref": "41"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yves Heremans, Mark Van De Casteele, Peter in't Veld, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Recapitulation of embryonic neuroendocrine differentiation in adult human pancreatic duct cells expressing neurogenin 3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.200203074"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200203074"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12403815"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12403815"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yaxi Zhu, Qian Liu, Zhiguang Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PDX1, Neurogenin-3, and MAFA: critical transcription regulators for beta cell development and regeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cell Res Ther (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13287-017-0694-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-017-0694-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29096722"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29096722"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Michael Rukstalis, Joel F Habener "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurogenin3: a master regulator of pancreatic islet differentiation and regeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Islets (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/isl.1.3.9877"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/isl.1.3.9877"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21099270"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21099270"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ivan Achel Valdez, Ercument Dirice, Manoj K Gupta, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce Endocrine Differentiation in Pancreatic Ductal Cells via STAT3-Dependent NGN3 Activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.036"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.036"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27068459"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27068459"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gratiana Hermann, Björn Konukiewitz, Anja Schmitt, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hormonally defined pancreatic and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors differ in their transcription factor signatures: expression of ISL1, PDX1, NGN3, and CDX2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Virchows Arch (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00428-011-1118-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-011-1118-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21739268"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21739268"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nathalie Swales, Geert A Martens, Stefan Bonné, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Plasticity of adult human pancreatic duct cells by neurogenin3-mediated reprogramming."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0037055"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037055"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22606327"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22606327"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qing Cai, Paola Bonfanti, Rangarajan Sambathkumar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prospectively isolated NGN3-expressing progenitors from human embryonic stem cells give rise to pancreatic endocrine cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cells Transl Med (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.5966/sctm.2013-0078"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.5966/sctm.2013-0078"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24493854"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24493854"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gloria Narayan, Akriti Agrawal, Neha Joshi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein Production and Purification of a Codon-Optimized Human NGN3 Transcription Factor from E. coli."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein J (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10930-021-10020-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-021-10020-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34550497"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34550497"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jonna Saarimäki-Vire, Diego Balboa, Mark A Russell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "An Activating STAT3 Mutation Causes Neonatal Diabetes through Premature Induction of Pancreatic Differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.055"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.055"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28402852"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28402852"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nicole A J Krentz, Dennis van Hoof, Zhongmei Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phosphorylation of NEUROG3 Links Endocrine Differentiation to the Cell Cycle in Pancreatic Progenitors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Cell (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28441528"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28441528"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roberta Azzarelli, Christopher Hurley, Magdalena K Sznurkowska, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Multi-site Neurogenin3 Phosphorylation Controls Pancreatic Endocrine Differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Cell (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28457793"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28457793"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marco Marzioni, Laura Agostinelli, Cinzia Candelaresi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activation of the developmental pathway neurogenin-3/microRNA-7a regulates cholangiocyte proliferation in response to injury."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hepatology (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/hep.27262"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.27262"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24925797"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24925797"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "R Sergio Solorzano-Vargas, Matthew Bjerknes, S Vincent Wu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The cellular regulators PTEN and BMI1 help mediate NEUROGENIN-3-induced cell cycle arrest."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.RA119.008926"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA119.008926"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31341016"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31341016"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hyo Jeong Yong, Gengqiang Xie, Chengyang Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene Signatures of NEUROGENIN3+ Endocrine Progenitor Cells in the Human Pancreas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fendo.2021.736286"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.736286"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34566896"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34566896"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Teodora Manea, Jessica Kristine Nelson, Cristina Maria Garrone, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "USP7 controls NGN3 stability and pancreatic endocrine lineage development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-023-38146-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38146-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37117185"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37117185"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stéphane Cauchi, David Meyre, Emmanuelle Durand, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Post genome-wide association studies of novel genes associated with type 2 diabetes show gene-gene interaction and high predictive value."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0002031"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002031"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18461161"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18461161"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oscar Rubio-Cabezas, Jan N Jensen, Maria I Hodgson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Permanent Neonatal Diabetes and Enteric Anendocrinosis Associated With Biallelic Mutations in NEUROG3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/db10-1008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/db10-1008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21378176"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21378176"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Patrick S McGrath, Carey L Watson, Cameron Ingram, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor NEUROG3 Is Required for Development of the Human Endocrine Pancreas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/db14-1412"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1412"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25650326"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25650326"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Norihide Yokoi, Masao Kanamori, Yukio Horikawa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association studies of variants in the genes involved in pancreatic beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/db05-1203"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/db05-1203"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16873704"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16873704"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stéphane Cauchi, Christine Proença, Hélène Choquet, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Analysis of novel risk loci for type 2 diabetes in a general French population: the D.E.S.I.R. study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Med (Berl) (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00109-007-0295-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-007-0295-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18210030"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18210030"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Danielle L Gomez, Marci O'Driscoll, Timothy P Sheets, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurogenin 3 Expressing Cells in the Human Exocrine Pancreas Have the Capacity for Endocrine Cell Fate."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0133862"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133862"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26288179"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26288179"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hua Liang, Yanan Zhang, Maixinyue Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Recognition of maturity-onset diabetes of the young in China."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Diabetes Investig (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jdi.13378"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13378"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32741144"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32741144"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alan E Jackson, Paul G Cassell, Bernard V North, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphic variations in the neurogenic differentiation-1, neurogenin-3, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha genes contribute to glucose intolerance in a South Indian population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/diabetes.53.8.2122"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.8.2122"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15277395"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15277395"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vipin Gupta, Donipadi Guru Vinay, Ulla Sovio, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association study of 25 type 2 diabetes related Loci with measures of obesity in Indian sib pairs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0053944"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053944"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23349771"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23349771"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Karen Piper Hanley, Tom Hearn, Andrew Berry, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "In vitro expression of NGN3 identifies RAB3B as the predominant Ras-associated GTP-binding protein 3 family member in human islets."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Endocrinol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1677/JOE-10-0120"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-10-0120"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20807725"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20807725"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ersin Sayar, Ali Islek, Aygen Yilmaz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Extremely rare cause of congenital diarrhea: enteric anendocrinosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pediatr Int (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/ped.12169"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.12169"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24134759"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24134759"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Valérie Schreiber, Reuben Mercier, Sara Jiménez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Extensive NEUROG3 occupancy in the human pancreatic endocrine gene regulatory network."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Metab (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101313"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101313"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34352411"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34352411"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Y Qin, L Xiao, X B Zhan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pdxl and its role in activating Ngn3 and Pax6 to induce differentiation of iPSCs into islet β cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genet Mol Res (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4238/2015.August.3.12"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.August.3.12"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26345820"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26345820"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Suna Hancili, Amélie Bonnefond, Julien Philippe, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel NEUROG3 mutation in neonatal diabetes associated with a neuro-intestinal syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pediatr Diabetes (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/pedi.12576"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12576"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28940958"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28940958"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J-F Louet, S B Smith, J-F Gautier, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gender and neurogenin3 influence the pathogenesis of ketosis-prone diabetes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes Obes Metab (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00830.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00830.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18093211"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18093211"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J N Jensen, L Hansen, C T Ekstrøm, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphisms in the neurogenin 3 gene (NEUROG) and their relation to altered insulin secretion and diabetes in the Danish Caucasian population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetologia (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s001250051589"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051589"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11206403"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206403"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chung-Kuang Lu, Yi-Chyi Lai, Yung-Fu Lin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CCAR1 is required for Ngn3-mediated endocrine differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22266316"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22266316"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yoshiya Kawaguchi, Kyoichi Takaori, Shinji Uemoto "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic lineage tracing, a powerful tool to investigate the embryonic organogenesis and adult organ maintenance of the pancreas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00534-010-0307-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00534-010-0307-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20668890"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20668890"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Li, A Bergmann, M Reimann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic variation of Neurogenin 3 is slightly associated with hyperproinsulinaemia and progression toward type 2 diabetes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1055/s-2007-992156"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-992156"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18072012"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18072012"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C Honoré, C Rescan, J Hald, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Revisiting the immunocytochemical detection of Neurogenin 3 expression in mouse and man."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes Obes Metab (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/dom.12718"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12718"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27615127"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27615127"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 36, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "T Koblas, I Leontovyc, S Loukotová, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reprogramming of Human Pancreatic Organoid Cells into Insulin-Producing β-Like Cells by Small Molecules and in Vitro Transcribed Modified mRNA Encoding Neurogenin 3 Transcription Factor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Folia Biol (Praha) (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.14712/fb2019065030109"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2019065030109"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31638558"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31638558"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 37, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anna Tanaka, Ami Watanabe, Yasuhiro Nakano, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reversible expansion of pancreatic islet progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Cells (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/gtc.12759"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12759"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32065490"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32065490"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 38, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "T Okada, K Tobe, K Hara, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Variants of neurogenin 3 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes in Japanese subjects."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetologia (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s001250051606"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051606"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11270683"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11270683"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 39, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuxi Ding, Zequn He, Yanwei Sha, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eif4enif1 haploinsufficiency disrupts oocyte mitochondrial dynamics and leads to subfertility."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.202151"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202151"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38088064"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38088064"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 40, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Song Lee, Chan Mi Lee, Song Cheol Kim "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Adult human pancreas-derived cells expressing stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 differentiate into Sox9-expressing and Ngn3-expressing pancreatic ducts in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cell Res Ther (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13287-016-0422-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-016-0422-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27836003"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27836003"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 41, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhuoliang Hou, Xiaoyun Liu, Wenhao Jiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Effect of NEUROG3 polymorphism rs144643855 on regional spontaneous brain activity in major depressive disorder."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Behav Brain Res (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113310"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113310"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33878431"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33878431"}]}]}]}