{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlthough the query requested a summary for the function of NLGN1‑AS1, none of the provided abstracts mention or investigate this transcript. Instead, the literature exclusively focuses on tissue transglutaminase (TG2) and its many roles in physiology and pathology. These studies demonstrate that TG2 is a multifunctional enzyme involved in diverse biological processes such as the clearance of apoptotic cells, activation of transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β), and modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways (e.g., NF‑κB, RhoA, and β‑catenin) that govern cell survival, adhesion, migration, and extracellular matrix stabilization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOther reports dissect TG2’s extracellular functions, showing that its interaction with matrix proteins (such as fibronectin) and cell surface receptors (including integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans) is critical for cell adhesion, migration, and tissue repair. Moreover, TG2’s regulated secretion and activity—modulated by redox conditions, post‐translational modifications, and interactions with partners such as thioredoxin—directly impact processes like fibrogenesis in the kidney, liver, and lung."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional investigations highlight TG2’s involvement in intracellular signaling and transcriptional regulation. For instance, TG2 can phosphorylate key substrates like the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), thereby influencing cell cycle progression, while its regulation of NF‑κB and β‑catenin pathways contributes to osteoblast differentiation, vascular calcification, and even cancer progression. TG2’s roles extend to mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy, where its activity affects energy production and the clearance of damaged organelles."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "13", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurther studies elucidate how TG2 is integrated into networks controlling its own extracellular availability and activity. Its regulation via redox-dependent modifications (e.g., S‑nitrosylation), interactions with thioredoxin, and endocytosis through receptors such as low‑density lipoprotein receptor‑related protein 1 exemplify mechanisms by which cells fine‑tune TG2’s contributions to vascular stiffness, neurodegeneration, and tumor metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "19", "end_ref": "24"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFinally, emerging evidence extends TG2’s functional repertoire to the regulation of angiogenesis, neuronal survival, and tumor cell behavior via interactions with receptors like GPR56 and by modulating extracellular matrix deposition. Collectively, these findings underscore TG2 as a critical effector molecule in cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "25", "end_ref": "30"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent advances also illustrate TG2’s part in modulating tumor progression through its interactions with G protein–coupled receptors and its regulated internalization and degradation, further linking TG2 activity to alterations in extracellular matrix architecture and cell–matrix communication."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "31", "end_ref": "35"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn summary, while the original query aimed to elucidate the role of NLGN1‑AS1, the provided abstracts do not offer any insights into its function. Instead, they collectively illuminate the extensive and varied roles of TG2 in mediating apoptosis clearance, inflammation, tissue fibrosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, intracellular signaling, and other critical cellular processes. The biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of NLGN1‑AS1 remain unaddressed in these studies.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zita Balklava, Elisabetta Verderio, Russell Collighan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Analysis of tissue transglutaminase function in the migration of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: the active-state conformation of the enzyme does not affect cell motility but is important for its secretion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109836200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109836200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11867617"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867617"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Francesca Bernassola, Massimo Federici, Marco Corazzari, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of transglutaminase 2 in glucose tolerance: knockout mice studies and a putative mutation in a MODY patient."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.01-0689com"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.01-0689com"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12205028"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12205028"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roberta Nardacci, Oreste Lo Iacono, Fabiola Ciccosanti, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase type II plays a protective role in hepatic injury."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Pathol (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63925-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10"}, {"type": "t", "text": "63925-9) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12651621"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12651621"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zsuzsa Szondy, Zsolt Sarang, Peter Molnar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase 2-/- mice reveal a phagocytosis-associated crosstalk between macrophages and apoptotic cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0832466100"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0832466100"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12810961"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12810961"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jongmin Lee, Yoon-Seong Kim, Dong-Hee Choi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase 2 induces nuclear factor-kappaB activation via a novel pathway in BV-2 microglia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M407627200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M407627200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15471861"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15471861"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jun Hang, Evgeny A Zemskov, Laszlo Lorand, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a novel recognition sequence for fibronectin within the NH2-terminal beta-sandwich domain of tissue transglutaminase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M503323200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M503323200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15849356"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15849356"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Laura Falasca, Valentina Iadevaia, Fabiola Ciccosanti, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase type II is a key element in the regulation of the anti-inflammatory response elicited by apoptotic cell engulfment."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.7330"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.7330"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15905580"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15905580"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "W A Boisvert, D M Rose, A Boullier, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Leukocyte transglutaminase 2 expression limits atherosclerotic lesion size."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/01.ATV.0000203503.82693.c1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000203503.82693.c1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16410462"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16410462"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anna Janiak, Evgeny A Zemskov, Alexey M Belkin "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell surface transglutaminase promotes RhoA activation via integrin clustering and suppression of the Src-p190RhoGAP signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.e05-06-0549"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-06-0549"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16452636"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16452636"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hadil F Al-Jallad, Yukiko Nakano, Jeff L Y Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase activity regulates osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matrix Biol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.matbio.2005.11.001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2005.11.001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16469487"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16469487"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zoltán Balajthy, Krisztián Csomós, György Vámosi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tissue-transglutaminase contributes to neutrophil granulocyte differentiation and functions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2004-02-007948"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-02-007948"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16763214"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16763214"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marc A Antonyak, Jaclyn M Jansen, Allison M Miller, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Two isoforms of tissue transglutaminase mediate opposing cellular fates."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0604844103"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604844103"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17116873"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17116873"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Suresh Mishra, Gerry Melino, Liam J Murphy "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase 2 kinase activity facilitates protein kinase A-induced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M607413200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M607413200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17478427"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17478427"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kristen A Johnson, Monika Polewski, Robert A Terkeltaub "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase 2 is central to induction of the arterial calcification program by smooth muscle cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circ Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.154260"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.154260"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18202319"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18202319"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Laura Falasca, Maria Grazia Farrace, Alessandra Rinaldi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase type II is involved in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2616"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2616"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18250473"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18250473"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jee Young Hwang, Lingegowda S Mangala, Jansina Y Fok, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinical and biological significance of tissue transglutaminase in ovarian carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6130"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6130"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18632639"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18632639"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nasim Shweke, Nada Boulos, Chantal Jouanneau, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tissue transglutaminase contributes to interstitial renal fibrosis by favoring accumulation of fibrillar collagen through TGF-beta activation and cell infiltration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Pathol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2353/ajpath.2008.080025"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2008.080025"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18688035"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18688035"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Beáta Tóth, Eva Garabuczi, Zsolt Sarang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase 2 is needed for the formation of an efficient phagocyte portal in macrophages engulfing apoptotic cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.0803444"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0803444"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19201861"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19201861"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alessandra Scarpellini, Renée Germack, Hugues Lortat-Jacob, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are receptors for the cell-surface trafficking and biological activity of transglutaminase-2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109.012948"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.012948"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19398782"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19398782"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "W Malorni, M G Farrace, P Matarrese, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The adenine nucleotide translocator 1 acts as a type 2 transglutaminase substrate: implications for mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Differ (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cdd.2009.100"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2009.100"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19644512"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19644512"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Manuela D'Eletto, Maria Grazia Farrace, Laura Falasca, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase 2 is involved in autophagosome maturation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Autophagy (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/auto.5.8.10040"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.5.8.10040"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19955852"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19955852"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhuo Wang, Russell J Collighan, Stephane R Gross, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RGD-independent cell adhesion via a tissue transglutaminase-fibronectin matrix promotes fibronectin fibril deposition and requires syndecan-4/2 α5β1 integrin co-signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M110.123703"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.123703"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20929862"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20929862"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yury Popov, Deanna Y Sverdlov, Anisha K Sharma, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tissue transglutaminase does not affect fibrotic matrix stability or regression of liver fibrosis in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gastroenterology (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1053/j.gastro.2011.01.040"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.01.040"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21277850"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21277850"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lise Munsie, Nicholas Caron, Randy Singh Atwal, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutant huntingtin causes defective actin remodeling during stress: defining a new role for transglutaminase 2 in neurodegenerative disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddr075"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddr075"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21355047"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21355047"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Keith C Olsen, Ramil E Sapinoro, R M Kottmann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase 2 and its role in pulmonary fibrosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1164/rccm.201101-0013OC"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201101-0013OC"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21700912"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21700912"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Keunhee Oh, Hyung-Bae Park, Ok-Jin Byoun, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epithelial transglutaminase 2 is needed for T cell interleukin-17 production and subsequent pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-treated mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Med (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1084/jem.20101457"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101457"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21746810"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21746810"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kelly E Beazley, Stephanie Deasey, Florence Lima, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase 2-mediated activation of β-catenin signaling has a critical role in warfarin-induced vascular calcification."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.237834"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.237834"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22034513"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22034513"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Laila Dafik, Megan Albertelli, Jorunn Stamnaes, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activation and inhibition of transglutaminase 2 in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0030642"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030642"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22319575"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22319575"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M D'Eletto, M G Farrace, F Rossin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Type 2 transglutaminase is involved in the autophagy-dependent clearance of ubiquitinated proteins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Differ (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cdd.2012.2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2012.2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22322858"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22322858"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christina Papista, Vassilis Gerakopoulos, Andreas Kourelis, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gluten induces coeliac-like disease in sensitised mice involving IgA, CD71 and transglutaminase 2 interactions that are prevented by probiotics."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lab Invest (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/labinvest.2012.13"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2012.13"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22330344"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22330344"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bo Mi Ku, Dae-Seok Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase 2 inhibition found to induce p53 mediated apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.12-224220"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-224220"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23704086"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23704086"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sung Mee Jung, Simran Jandu, Jochen Steppan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Increased tissue transglutaminase activity contributes to central vascular stiffness in eNOS knockout mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1152/ajpheart.00103.2013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00103.2013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23873798"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23873798"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thomas R DiRaimondo, Cornelius Klöck, Rod Warburton, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elevated transglutaminase 2 activity is associated with hypoxia-induced experimental pulmonary hypertension in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ACS Chem Biol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/cb4006408"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cb4006408"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24152195"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24152195"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Liquan Yang, Scott Friedland, Nancy Corson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GPR56 inhibits melanoma growth by internalizing and degrading its ligand TG2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-1268"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-1268"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24356421"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24356421"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Manuela D'Eletto, Federica Rossin, Luca Occhigrossi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transglutaminase Type 2 Regulates ER-Mitochondria Contact Sites by Interacting with GRP75."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.094"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.094"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30590033"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30590033"}]}]}]}