{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe nucleoporin NUP42 (also referred to as hCG1) has been shown to mediate key interactions at the nuclear envelope that are exploited by viral proteins. In one study, HIV-1 Vpr was demonstrated to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm while concentrating at the nuclear envelope. This localization was attributed to its interaction with NUP42/hCG1; notably, the association did not depend on the protein’s FG repeat region but involved its N-terminal portion, suggesting that NUP42 acts as a docking site for the viral preintegration complex, thereby facilitating nuclear entry of the viral genome."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA separate genome-wide association study investigating mother-to-child transmission of HIV highlighted the importance of host genetic variation in the outcomes of viral infection. Although the study did not focus exclusively on NUP42, its inclusion in the broader analysis underscores the potential influence of genetic variants in nuclear pore complex components—such as NUP42—on HIV transmission susceptibility."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in viral import, NUP42 (also known as hCG1 or NLP1 in some reports) has been implicated in nuclear export processes. Research has shown that NUP42, enriched in FG repeats, contributes to CRM1-dependent nuclear protein export by facilitating the formation of trimeric complexes with CRM1 and RanGTP. Its dynamic localization at the nuclear envelope and mobility within the nucleus allow it to support efficient nuclear export, as evidenced by enhanced export upon NUP42 overexpression and reduced export following its depletion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Erwann Le Rouzic, Aurélie Mousnier, Cecilia Rustum, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Docking of HIV-1 Vpr to the nuclear envelope is mediated by the interaction with the nucleoporin hCG1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M207439200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M207439200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12228227"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12228227"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bonnie R Joubert, Ethan M Lange, Nora Franceschini, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A whole genome association study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Malawi."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome Med (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/gm138"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/gm138"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20487506"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20487506"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inga Waldmann, Christiane Spillner, Ralph H Kehlenbach "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The nucleoporin-like protein NLP1 (hCG1) promotes CRM1-dependent nuclear protein export."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.090316"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.090316"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22250199"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22250199"}]}]}]}