{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOIP5‐AS1 is a highly abundant long noncoding RNA that has emerged as a key regulator of cell proliferation and mitotic fidelity in numerous cellular contexts. In several studies, it was shown to restrain or, in some cancers, promote proliferation by interacting with RNA‐binding proteins (e.g., HuR) and modulating the stability of critical mRNAs such as those encoding cyclin‐associated kinases, NANOG, and MEF2C. In addition, aberrant expression of OIP5‐AS1 has been linked to altered mitotic spindle formation and to the regulation of stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation across various tumor types."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA recurring mechanistic theme is the function of OIP5‐AS1 as a competing endogenous RNA that “sponges” a variety of microRNAs—including miR‐424, miR‐367‑3p, miR‐143‑3p, miR‐338‑3p, miR‐129‑5p and others—to relieve repression of key oncogenic transcripts. Through these interactions, OIP5‑AS1 orchestrates the upregulation of targets such as ITGA6, CDK14, neuropilin‑1, SOX2, and AGR2, thereby modulating signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/AKT and ERK) and affecting cell differentiation and tumorigenic behavior."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "12", "end_ref": "22"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its central role in proliferation and miRNA‐mediated gene regulation, OIP5‐AS1 contributes to additional oncogenic processes and even non-neoplastic pathologies. It has been implicated in promoting drug resistance, cancer stem cell–like traits, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in various malignancies. Moreover, OIP5‐AS1 influences immune escape and angiogenesis through modulating factors such as PD‑L1 and HMGB1, while also participating in the regulation of inflammation and fibrotic or degenerative changes in disorders including osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, cataracts, and even myogenesis. These diverse roles underscore its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "23", "end_ref": "46"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jiyoung Kim, Kotb Abdelmohsen, Xiaoling Yang, et al. 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