{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlthough none of the provided abstracts explicitly mention OR2G2, together they offer a detailed picture of the multifaceted roles played by Wnt family members in development and disease. For instance, proper regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation required for long bone growth is mediated by Wnt5a and Wnt5b, while the thymic epithelium’s maturation in T cell development is similarly dependent on Wnt signals regulating key transcription factors such as FoxN1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOther studies underscore the role of Wnt5b in the control of adipogenesis, where its overexpression modulates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway to favor adipocyte differentiation, a process further implicated in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Similarly, aberrant up-regulation of Wnt5b—along with other Wnt ligands induced by endocrine factors like hCG—has been correlated with mammary tumorigenesis, while Wnt5b also regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy, migration, and cell‐adhesion dynamics during cartilage development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition, non‐canonical Wnt signaling serves critical roles in establishing cell polarity and tissue patterning, as demonstrated by the regulation of node cell polarization during embryonic left–right symmetry breaking. Beyond development, increased expression and transmission of Wnt5b have been implicated in pathological states such as impaired alveolar repair in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in the neural adaptations underlying opioid withdrawal. Collectively, these findings highlight the diverse functions managed by Wnt pathways in both physiological and pathological conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nWhile OR2G2 is not directly discussed in these studies, the intricate regulatory networks uncovered—spanning cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and intercellular signaling—raise the possibility that OR2G2, if connected to these or related pathways, might similarly participate in critical, context-dependent cellular functions. Further research is warranted to explore any potential intersections between OR2G2 and these well‐characterized Wnt signaling mechanisms.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gina Balciunaite, Marcel P Keller, Egle Balciunaite, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wnt glycoproteins regulate the expression of FoxN1, the gene defective in nude mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Immunol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ni850"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ni850"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12379851"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379851"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yingzi Yang, Lilia Topol, Heuijung Lee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wnt5a and Wnt5b exhibit distinct activities in coordinating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.00324"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.00324"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12538525"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12538525"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Akio Kanazawa, Shuichi Tsukada, Masumi Kamiyama, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wnt5b partially inhibits canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and promotes adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15796911"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15796911"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aino Kuorelahti, Susana Rulli, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) up-regulates wnt5b and wnt7b in the mammary gland, and hCGbeta transgenic female mice present with mammary Gland tumors exhibiting characteristics of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endocrinology (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/en.2007-0249"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0249"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17510243"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17510243"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "F H J van Tienen, H Laeremans, C J H van der Kallen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wnt5b stimulates adipogenesis by activating PPARgamma, and inhibiting the beta-catenin dependent Wnt signaling pathway together with Wnt5a."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19577541"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19577541"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elizabeth W Bradley, M Hicham Drissi "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wnt5b regulates mesenchymal cell aggregation and chondrocyte differentiation through the planar cell polarity pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Physiol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcp.22499"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.22499"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21413026"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21413026"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katsura Minegishi, Masakazu Hashimoto, Rieko Ajima, et al. 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