| HGNC Family | G protein-coupled receptors |
| Name | olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily T, member 34 |
| Description | Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies demonstrate that the germinal center‐associated nuclear protein (GANP) plays a critical role in enabling antibody diversity. GANP interacts directly with activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to facilitate its relocalization from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thereby concentrating its activity at immunoglobulin variable (IgV) regions to initiate somatic hypermutation and, ultimately, high‐affinity antibody production. In this process, GANP enhances AID occupancy at actively transcribed IgV loci through chromatin modification and transcription complex recruitment, a mechanism also reflected in the profile of IgV mutations that safeguard the integrity of framework regions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond guiding AID, GANP is integrated within a broader regulatory network that ensures optimal B‐cell function and genomic stability. It associates with replication complexes via its MCM3-binding domain"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and modulates DNA recombination by suppressing hyper‐recombination and steering the repair of AID-induced DNA lesions toward homologous recombination rather than error-prone nonhomologous end joining."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, signaling via the Lyn protein tyrosine kinase, which enhances PU.1-dependent GANP promoter activity, underscores its importance in proper germinal center formation and B‐cell proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Perturbations in GANP expression are associated not only with impaired antibody affinity maturation and abnormal plasma-like cell populations in autoimmune-prone models"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "but also with breast cancer progression, where decreased GANP levels correlate with poor prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn a seemingly distinct arena, olfactory receptors—classically mediators of odor detection—are also expressed in non-olfactory tissues. For example, studies in pancreatic β-cells reveal that multiple olfactory receptor isoforms, such as OLFR15 and OLFR821, function as chemosensors that detect environmental compounds (e.g., medium-chain fatty acids) and potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via a phospholipase C–inositol triphosphate-dependent mechanism."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Although OR2T34 is not mentioned explicitly in these investigations, as a member of the olfactory receptor family it is plausible that OR2T34 similarly contributes to nutrient sensing and metabolic regulation in extra-nasal tissues.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kazuhiko Kuwahara, Satoru Fujimura, Yoshimasa Takahashi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Germinal center-associated nuclear protein contributes to affinity maturation of B cell antigen receptor in T cell-dependent responses."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0307609100"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307609100"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14715907"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14715907"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nobuo Sakaguchi, Tetsuya Kimura, Shuzo Matsushita, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Generation of high-affinity antibody against T cell-dependent antigen in the Ganp gene-transgenic mouse."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4485"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4485"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15814669"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15814669"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kazuhiko Maeda, Shailendra Kumar Singh, Kazufumi Eda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GANP-mediated recruitment of activation-induced cytidine deaminase to cell nuclei and to immunoglobulin variable region DNA."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M110.131441"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.131441"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20507984"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20507984"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shailendra Kumar Singh, Kazuhiko Maeda, Mohammed Mansour Abbas Eid, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GANP regulates recruitment of AID to immunoglobulin variable regions by modulating transcription and nucleosome occupancy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms2823"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2823"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23652018"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23652018"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohammed Mansour Abbas Eid, Mayuko Shimoda, Shailendra Kumar Singh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Integrity of immunoglobulin variable regions is supported by GANP during AID-induced somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int Immunol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/intimm/dxx032"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxx032"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28541550"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28541550"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yoshihiko Kono, Kazuhiko Maeda, Kazuhiko Kuwahara, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MCM3-binding GANP DNA-primase is associated with a novel phosphatase component G5PR."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Cells (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1046/j.1365-2443.2002.00562.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2443.2002.00562.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12167160"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12167160"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mikoto Yoshida, Kazuhiko Kuwahara, Tatsuya Shimasaki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GANP suppresses DNA recombination, measured by direct-repeat beta-galactosidase gene construct, but does not suppress the type of recombination applying to immunoglobulin genes in mammalian cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Cells (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01119.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01119.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17903179"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17903179"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohammed Mansour Abbas Eid, Kazuhiko Maeda, Sarah Ameen Almofty, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GANP regulates the choice of DNA repair pathway by DNA-PKcs interaction in AID-dependent IgV region diversification."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.1400021"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1400021"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24808370"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24808370"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zeljka Korade Mirnics, Eva Caudell, YanHua Gao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Microarray analysis of Lyn-deficient B cells reveals germinal center-associated nuclear protein and other genes associated with the lymphoid germinal center."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4133"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4133"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15034025"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15034025"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Satoru Fujimura, Kazuhiko Kuwahara, Taichi Ezaki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Spontaneous increase of plasma-like cells with high GANP expression in the extrafollicular region of lymphoid organs of autoimmune-prone mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Autoimmun (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0896-8411(03)00041-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-8411(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00041-6) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12791315"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12791315"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kazuhiko Kuwahara, Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki, Zhenhuan Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GANP protein encoded on human chromosome 21/mouse chromosome 10 is associated with resistance to mammary tumor development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Sci (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/cas.12883"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.12883"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26749495"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26749495"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuichiro Munakata, Tetsuya Yamada, Junta Imai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Olfactory receptors are expressed in pancreatic β-cells and promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-018-19765-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19765-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29367680"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29367680"}]}]}]}
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| Proteins | O2T34_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 127068 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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OR2T34 has 688 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 38 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for OR2T34 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of OR2T34 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of OR2T34 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of OR2T34 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of OR2T34 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing OR2T34 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with OR2T34 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of OR2T34 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with OR2T34 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with OR2T34 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at OR2T34 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of OR2T34 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of OR2T34 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of OR2T34 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving OR2T34 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving OR2T34 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving OR2T34 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing OR2T34 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by OR2T34 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by OR2T34 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by OR2T34 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of OR2T34 gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of OR2T34 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of OR2T34 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of OR2T34 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for OR2T34 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of OR2T34 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of OR2T34 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| KEGG Pathways 2026 | pathways involving OR2T34 protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of OR2T34 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of OR2T34 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain OR2T34 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving OR2T34 protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving OR2T34 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 | transcription factors regulating expression of OR2T34 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of OR2T34 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of OR2T34 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of OR2T34 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with OR2T34 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
