{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn non‐small cell lung cancer, OSER1‑AS1 exhibits a duality in its reported roles. One study found that OSER1‑AS1 is downregulated in tumor tissues, where its low expression is linked to poor overall survival among non‑smokers. Functional assays demonstrated that when expressed, OSER1‑AS1 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell growth, migration, and invasion, possibly through sequestering ELAVL1 away from its target mRNAs—a process modulated by MYC and miR‑17‑5p. In contrast, another investigation evaluating peripheral blood samples from NSCLC patients revealed significantly reduced OSER1‑AS1 levels compared to healthy subjects, with its deficiency correlating with advanced stages, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis, underscoring its potential as a diagnostic biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn hepatocellular carcinoma and in a separate study of NSCLC tissues, OSER1‑AS1 appears to function in a pro‑tumorigenic manner. In the context of hepatocellular carcinoma, OSER1‑AS1 is highly expressed, with its overexpression associating with larger tumor size, advanced tumor stages, and reduced survival. Mechanistic studies revealed that OSER1‑AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR‑372‑3p, thereby elevating Rab23 expression and promoting malignant behaviors. Similarly, in another NSCLC study, elevated OSER1‑AS1 expression was closely linked to larger tumors, advanced TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis; mechanistic experiments indicated that OSER1‑AS1 sponges miR‑433‑3p, which results in increased Smad2 expression and enhanced tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these findings illustrate the context‐dependent roles of OSER1‑AS1 in cancer. Its activities largely hinge on its interactions as a ceRNA—modulating various microRNAs (including miR‑17‑5p, miR‑372‑3p, miR‑433‑3p, and miR‑1298‑5p) and affecting key downstream effectors such as ELAVL1, Rab23, and Smad2. Whether acting as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene, OSER1‑AS1 holds promise as both a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target across different cancer types."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}]}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Weijia Xie, Youhao Wang, Yao Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4142441 and MYC co-modulated long non-coding RNA OSER1-AS1 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer by sequestering ELAVL1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Sci (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/cas.14713"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.14713"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33113263"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33113263"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peirui Chen, Zheng Qin, Xiaokang Sun, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression and Clinical Significance of lncRNA OSER1-AS1 in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cells Tissues Organs (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1159/000519529"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000519529"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34525476"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34525476"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jiye Fan, Jing Zhang, Shuhong Huang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "lncRNA OSER1-AS1 acts as a ceRNA to promote tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating miR-372-3p/Rab23 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.105"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.105"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31635804"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31635804"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xinmei Liu, Shasha Huang, Yun Guan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA OSER1‑AS1 promotes the malignant properties of non‑small cell lung cancer by sponging microRNA‑433‑3p and thereby increasing Smad2 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Rep (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/or.2020.7645"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7645"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32627026"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32627026"}]}]}]}