{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPAX8‐AS1 is a long noncoding RNA that modulates expression of the transcription factor PAX8 and thereby influences diverse pathological processes. In cervical cancer, specific single nucleotide polymorphisms within PAX8‐AS1 act as expression quantitative trait loci that are associated with a decreased risk of disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In breast cancer, a novel isoform—PAX8‐AS1‑N—is activated by baicalein, leading to inhibition of cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and tumor suppression through binding and sequestration of miR‑17‑5p, which in turn upregulates tumor suppressors such as PTEN."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In papillary thyroid carcinoma, reduced expression of PAX8‐AS1 (also termed PAX8‐AS1:28) is associated with increased MYC levels and enhanced tumor cell proliferation, further supporting a tumor‐suppressive role."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, genetic variants in PAX8‐AS1 have been implicated in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma susceptibility, where certain haplotypes confer decreased risk."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in malignancy, PAX8‐AS1 contributes to non‐cancerous conditions. In diabetic nephropathy, the PAX8‐AS1‑N isoform appears to protect against podocyte apoptosis and is directly associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and angiogenic markers, including VEGF and TGF‑β1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism, decreased serum levels of PAX8‐AS1 along with its genetic variants have been linked to increased disease susceptibility and demonstrate promising potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nEmerging studies have also begun to explore the epigenetic modulation of candidate hypersomnolence genes, including PAX8‐AS1, to elucidate the biological underpinnings of excessive daytime sleepiness and related sleep disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing Han, Wen Zhou, Meiqun Jia, et al. 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