{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nLong non‐coding RNAs are emerging as key regulators within complex genomic regions. For example, comparative analyses of imprinted clusters have revealed dynamic epigenetic landscapes in which several transcripts are embedded, suggesting that genes in these domains—including PAXIP1‐related transcripts—may be subject to intricate regulatory controls."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In gliomas, the lncRNA PAXIP1‐AS1 (herein functionally equivalent to PAXIP1‐DT) has been implicated in tumor invasion and angiogenesis through its involvement in a regulatory axis with ETS1 and KIF14, hinting at its role in modulating the gene networks that underlie glioma aggressiveness."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In pulmonary arterial hypertension, elevated levels of PAXIP1‐AS1 promote the viability and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by recruiting ETS1 to enhance WIPF1 expression and, subsequently, activating RhoA‐associated signaling, thereby contributing to vascular remodeling and disease progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In gastric cancer, transcriptional repression of PAXIP1‐AS1 by HOXD9 correlates with enhanced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis; mechanistically, PAXIP1‐AS1 binds directly to the RNA‐binding protein PABPC1 to decrease the stability of PAK1 mRNA, acting as a suppressor of tumor dissemination."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Lastly, in ovarian cancer, lower expression of PAXIP1‐AS1 is significantly associated with adverse clinical features including higher histological grade, lymphatic invasion, and poorer overall survival, in addition to being linked with alterations in immune infiltration and activation of pathways such as PI3K–Akt, thereby highlighting its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and a mediator of tumor–immune interactions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Paulsen, O El-Maarri, S Engemann, et al. 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