{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPICK1 is a highly versatile, multidomain scaffold protein whose PDZ‐ and BAR domains underpin its critical role in neuronal synaptic plasticity. It coordinates the trafficking, clustering, and endocytic cycling of key receptors such as metabotropic glutamate receptors, AMPA receptors, and kainate receptors. Through direct interactions with receptor C termini and with lipid membranes, PICK1 regulates receptor localization and activity in response to neuronal stimulation. Recent studies have also demonstrated that pharmacological blockade of its PDZ domain can modulate GluR2 trafficking and alleviate neuropathic pain, while interactions with endocytic proteins like AP2, dynamin, and even components of the RNA‐induced silencing complex further expand its regulatory repertoire in neurons."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its well‐established neuronal functions, PICK1 plays pivotal roles in diverse non‐neuronal contexts. In epithelial and cancer cells, it modulates transforming growth factor–β (TGF‐β) signaling by promoting receptor endocytosis and degradation, thereby influencing tumor progression and metastasis in breast and prostate cancers. At the level of cell–cell junctions, PICK1 associates with adhesion molecules such as nectins and Neph proteins to stabilize intercellular contacts. In the reproductive system, genetic mutations in PICK1 are linked to globozoospermia through defective acrosome formation, while coding variants affecting its BAR domain compromise insulin granule maturation in pancreatic β–cells. Moreover, PICK1 influences host defense and injury responses by regulating endocytic processes during bacterial entry and by modulating oxidative stress responses in sepsis‐induced acute lung and kidney injury. Its ability to interface with diverse partners—including transcription regulators like ARX and secretory pathway components such as ICA69—further emphasizes its multifaceted regulatory capacity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "12", "end_ref": "26"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nGenetic association studies have further implicated PICK1 in neuropsychiatric conditions and substance abuse disorders. Variants of the PICK1 gene are linked to schizophrenia and cognitive deficits, reflecting its role in regulating glutamatergic signaling and local translation within neurons. In parallel, associations between specific PICK1 polymorphisms and methamphetamine dependence underscore its contribution to the neurobiological adaptations underlying addiction. These findings collectively emphasize that alterations in PICK1 function not only disrupt synaptic receptor trafficking but also contribute to the vulnerability to psychiatric disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "27", "end_ref": "34"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hélène Hirbec, Olga Perestenko, Atsushi Nishimune, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The PDZ proteins PICK1, GRIP, and syntenin bind multiple glutamate receptor subtypes. Analysis of PDZ binding motifs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.C200112200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C200112200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11891216"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11891216"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lifeng Pan, Hao Wu, Chong Shen, et al. 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