{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have demonstrated that Cideb plays a pivotal role in hepatic lipid metabolism, most notably in the assembly and lipidation of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). Cideb interacts with apoB at the endoplasmic reticulum and on lipid droplets to promote the formation of lipid‐enriched VLDL particles, ensuring the efficient secretion of triglycerides into the plasma. In addition, Cideb localizes to the Golgi apparatus where it modulates later stages of VLDL maturation, ultimately contributing to the maintenance of lipid homeostasis and influencing cholesterol biosynthesis and storage in the liver."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMembers of the CIDE protein family, including Cideb along with other paralogs such as Cidea and Cidec, have also been implicated in the regulation of energy balance and obesity. Studies indicate that while Cideb primarily facilitates lipid storage under normal dietary conditions, Cidea and Cidec become more prominent in promoting lipid accumulation and lipid droplet fusion under fasting and obese states. Transcriptional regulation via factors such as SREBP-1c further integrates these proteins into metabolic pathways that govern lipid synthesis and storage, thereby affecting overall energy expenditure."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond hepatic functions, Cideb has emerged as an important regulator of intestinal lipid absorption. It is expressed in enterocytes of the small intestine where it associates with the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets, and interacts with ApoB48 to facilitate the proper lipidation and secretion of chylomicrons. Loss of Cideb in this context results in impaired triglyceride secretion and abnormal lipid retention within intestinal cells, underscoring its vital role in maintaining intestinal lipid homeostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing Ye, John Zhong Li, Yang Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cideb, an ER- and lipid droplet-associated protein, mediates VLDL lipidation and maturation by interacting with apolipoprotein B."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Metab (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cmet.2008.12.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.12.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19187774"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19187774"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xuanhe Li, Jing Ye, Linkang Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Opposing roles of cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector B and perilipin 2 in controlling hepatic VLDL lipidation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Lipid Res (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1194/jlr.M026591"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M026591"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22661308"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22661308"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "John Zhong Li, Yao Lei, Yue Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Control of cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake and storage in hepatocytes by Cideb."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.01.012"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.01.012"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20123130"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20123130"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "John Zhong Li, Jing Ye, Bofu Xue, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cideb regulates diet-induced obesity, liver steatosis, and insulin sensitivity by controlling lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/db07-0040"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-0040"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17646209"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17646209"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wenyi Xu, Lizhen Wu, Miao Yu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential Roles of Cell Death-inducing DNA Fragmentation Factor-α-like Effector (CIDE) Proteins in Promoting Lipid Droplet Fusion and Growth in Subpopulations of Hepatocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M115.701094"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.701094"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26733203"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26733203"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rui Wang, Xingxing Kong, Anfang Cui, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c mediates the effect of insulin on the expression of Cidea in mouse hepatocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem J (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1042/BJ20100701"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20100701"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20575761"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20575761"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Li-Jun Zhang, Chao Wang, Yuan Yuan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cideb facilitates the lipidation of chylomicrons in the small intestine."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Lipid Res (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1194/jlr.M046482"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M046482"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24831470"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24831470"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chao Sun, Yuanlin Zhao, Xing Gao, et al. 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