{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPhospholipid scramblase 3 (PLSCR3) is a mitochondrial enzyme that mediates the bidirectional translocation of phospholipids—most notably cardiolipin—between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. This activity is essential for regulating mitochondrial structure, maintaining cristae organization, and modulating respiratory function and ATP generation. Abnormalities in PLSCR3 activity or expression can alter cardiolipin distribution, thereby affecting mitochondrial mass and cellular susceptibility to apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPLSCR3 is also tightly regulated by calcium-dependent processes and post-translational modifications. In particular, phosphorylation by protein kinase C-delta markedly enhances its phospholipid translocation activity, thus promoting apoptotic signaling mediated by mitochondrial cardiolipin externalization. Its interaction with Ca²⁺-binding partners such as ALG-2 further refines this response, linking the enzyme’s activity to cellular stress signals and the initiation of programmed cell death."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMoreover, the function and localization of PLSCR3 are influenced by additional modifications such as palmitoylation, which regulates its association with membranes and can facilitate its secretion via exosomal pathways, hinting at possible roles in intercellular communication. Collectively, these studies underscore the central role of PLSCR3 in governing mitochondrial lipid dynamics and apoptosis, thereby integrating metabolic signals with mitochondrial integrity and cell fate."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jihua Liu, Qiang Dai, Jun Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phospholipid scramblase 3 controls mitochondrial structure, function, and apoptotic response."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer Res (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14573790"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14573790"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Quyen Van, Jihua Liu, Biao Lu, et al. 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