{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe CXCL12 axis (also known as stromal cell–derived factor‑1 or SDF‑1) plays a multifaceted role in cancer and immune evasion. In aggressive tumors such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, CXCL12 produced by specialized fibroblasts creates a barrier that excludes effector T cells and subverts the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Similarly, in prostate and ovarian cancers, CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling supports tumor cell chemotaxis and metastasis, while in T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia it helps establish a supportive vascular niche. These studies collectively underscore how CXCL12 orchestrates the tumor microenvironment to favor immune escape and metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its protumorigenic roles, CXCL12 is a master regulator of stem cell homing, mobilization, and tissue repair. Its gradient within the bone marrow is critical for retaining hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, while transient reductions—mediated by cytokines such as G‑CSF—enable their mobilization into the circulation. CXCL12 additionally directs the differentiation and adhesion of progenitor cells that participate in revascularization, regenerative repair of ischemic myocardium, and cutaneous wound healing. In the fetal milieu, synergism between CXCL12 and other factors (for instance, Steel factor) facilitates the gradual seeding of developing hematopoietic tissues, and in the adult, its expression on perivascular and osteoblastic niche cells is essential for long‐term stem cell maintenance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "27"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond tissue regeneration, CXCL12 is integral to neurodevelopment and the regulation of immune cell positioning in secondary lymphoid structures. It provides directional cues for the migration and proper laminar positioning of forebrain interneurons, while also guiding dentate granule cell migration during hippocampal development. In peripheral immune sites, CXCL12 helps organize lymphoid architecture by inducing lymphotoxin expression and, in the skin, promotes dendritic cell emigration via cooperation with CXCR4. Furthermore, proteolytic processing of CXCL12 can convert it into a neurotoxic molecule, linking aberrant chemokine regulation with neurodegeneration. These findings highlight the versatility of CXCL12 in fine‐tuning both developmental and inflammatory processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "28", "end_ref": "32"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "27"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan-Xi Sun, Abraham Schneider, Younghun Jung, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Skeletal localization and neutralization of the SDF-1(CXCL12)/CXCR4 axis blocks prostate cancer metastasis and growth in osseous sites in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Bone Miner Res (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1359/JBMR.041109"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1359/JBMR.041109"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15647826"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15647826"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daniel R Schwartz, Mitchell A Lazar "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human resistin: found in translation from mouse to man."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Trends Endocrinol Metab (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.tem.2011.03.005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2011.03.005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21497511"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21497511"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luke J Drury, Joshua J Ziarek, Stéphanie Gravel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Monomeric and dimeric CXCL12 inhibit metastasis through distinct CXCR4 interactions and signaling pathways."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1101133108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1101133108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21990345"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21990345"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christine Feig, James O Jones, Matthew Kraman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Targeting CXCL12 from FAP-expressing carcinoma-associated fibroblasts synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1320318110"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320318110"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24277834"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24277834"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lauren A Pitt, Anastasia N Tikhonova, Hai Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CXCL12-Producing Vascular Endothelial Niches Control Acute T Cell Leukemia Maintenance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Cell (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ccell.2015.05.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2015.05.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26058075"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26058075"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sanjiv A Luther, Afshin Bidgol, Diana C Hargreaves, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differing activities of homeostatic chemokines CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL12 in lymphocyte and dendritic cell recruitment and lymphoid neogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.424"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.424"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12077273"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12077273"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anil Bagri, Theresa Gurney, Xiaoping He, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The chemokine SDF1 regulates migration of dentate granule cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.129.18.4249"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.18.4249"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12183377"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12183377"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toshiaki Ara, Yuri Nakamura, Takeshi Egawa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Impaired colonization of the gonads by primordial germ cells in mice lacking a chemokine, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0730719100"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0730719100"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12684531"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12684531"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toshiaki Ara, Koji Tokoyoda, Tatsuki Sugiyama, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long-term hematopoietic stem cells require stromal cell-derived factor-1 for colonizing bone marrow during ontogeny."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Immunity (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00201-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00201-2) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12932359"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12932359"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julie L Christensen, Douglas E Wright, Amy J Wagers, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circulation and chemotaxis of fetal hematopoietic stem cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Biol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020075"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020075"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15024423"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15024423"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Benjamin T Suratt, Joseph M Petty, Scott K Young, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of the CXCR4/SDF-1 chemokine axis in circulating neutrophil homeostasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2003-10-3638"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-10-3638"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15054039"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15054039"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Saurabh D Patel, Michael W Rajala, Luciano Rossetti, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Disulfide-dependent multimeric assembly of resistin family hormones."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1093466"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1093466"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15155948"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15155948"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michael W Rajala, Yong Qi, Hiral R Patel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of resistin expression and circulating levels in obesity, diabetes, and fasting."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/diabetes.53.7.1671"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.7.1671"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15220189"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15220189"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hiroaki Satoh, M T Audrey Nguyen, Philip D G Miles, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Adenovirus-mediated chronic \"hyper-resistinemia\" leads to in vivo insulin resistance in normal rats."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI20785"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI20785"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15254589"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15254589"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Evan D Muse, Silvana Obici, Sanjay Bhanot, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of resistin in diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI21270"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI21270"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15254590"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15254590"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elena De Falco, Daniele Porcelli, Anna Rita Torella, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SDF-1 involvement in endothelial phenotype and ischemia-induced recruitment of bone marrow progenitor cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2003-12-4423"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-12-4423"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15284120"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15284120"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roderick J Phillips, Marie D Burdick, Kurt Hong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circulating fibrocytes traffic to the lungs in response to CXCL12 and mediate fibrosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI20997"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI20997"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15286810"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15286810"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Dawn Abbott, Yan Huang, Dingang Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha plays a critical role in stem cell recruitment to the heart after myocardial infarction but is not sufficient to induce homing in the absence of injury."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circulation (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/01.CIR.0000147780.30124.CF"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000147780.30124.CF"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15533866"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15533866"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jaime Imitola, Khadir Raddassi, Kook In Park, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Directed migration of neural stem cells to sites of CNS injury by the stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha/CXC chemokine receptor 4 pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0408258102"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0408258102"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15608062"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15608062"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David K Jin, Koji Shido, Hans-Georg Kopp, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cytokine-mediated deployment of SDF-1 induces revascularization through recruitment of CXCR4+ hemangiocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Med (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nm1400"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1400"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16648859"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16648859"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katherine A Gallagher, Zhao-Jun Liu, Min Xiao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetic impairments in NO-mediated endothelial progenitor cell mobilization and homing are reversed by hyperoxia and SDF-1 alpha."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI29710"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI29710"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17476357"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17476357"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matthew J Christopher, Fulu Liu, Matthew J Hilton, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Suppression of CXCL12 production by bone marrow osteoblasts is a common and critical pathway for cytokine-induced mobilization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2008-10-184754"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-10-184754"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19141863"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19141863"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toshiyuki Kitaori, Hiromu Ito, Edward M Schwarz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXCR4 signaling is critical for the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the fracture site during skeletal repair in a mouse model."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arthritis Rheum (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/art.24330"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24330"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19248097"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19248097"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kevin S Carbajal, Christopher Schaumburg, Robert Strieter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Migration of engrafted neural stem cells is mediated by CXCL12 signaling through CXCR4 in a viral model of multiple sclerosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1006375107"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006375107"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20534452"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20534452"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Erzsebet Kokovay, Susan Goderie, Yue Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Adult SVZ lineage cells home to and leave the vascular niche via differential responses to SDF1/CXCR4 signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Stem Cell (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.stem.2010.05.019"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2010.05.019"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20682445"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20682445"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nora E Renthal, Chien-Cheng Chen, Koriand'r C Williams, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-200 family and targets, ZEB1 and ZEB2, modulate uterine quiescence and contractility during pregnancy and labor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1008301107"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008301107"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21079000"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21079000"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Adam Greenbaum, Yen-Michael S Hsu, Ryan B Day, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CXCL12 in early mesenchymal progenitors is required for haematopoietic stem-cell maintenance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature11926"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11926"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23434756"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23434756"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ralf K Stumm, Chun Zhou, Toshiaki Ara, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CXCR4 regulates interneuron migration in the developing neocortex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12832536"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12832536"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kunyan Zhang, G Angus McQuibban, Claudia Silva, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HIV-induced metalloproteinase processing of the chemokine stromal cell derived factor-1 causes neurodegeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Neurosci (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nn1127"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1127"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14502291"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14502291"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kenji Kabashima, Noriko Shiraishi, Kazunari Sugita, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CXCL12-CXCR4 engagement is required for migration of cutaneous dendritic cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Pathol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2353/ajpath.2007.070225"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2007.070225"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17823289"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17823289"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Guillermina López-Bendito, Juan Antonio Sánchez-Alcañiz, Ramón Pla, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chemokine signaling controls intracortical migration and final distribution of GABAergic interneurons."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4651-07.2008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4651-07.2008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18272682"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18272682"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yao Liang Tang, Wuqiang Zhu, Min Cheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the benefit of cardiac progenitor cell therapy for treatment of myocardial infarction by inducing CXCR4 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circ Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.197723"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.197723"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19407239"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19407239"}]}]}]}