HGNC Family | Paraoxonases (PON) |
Name | paraoxonase 1 |
Description | This gene encodes a member of the paraoxonase family of enzymes and exhibits lactonase and ester hydrolase activity. Following synthesis in the kidney and liver, the enzyme is secreted into the circulation, where it binds to high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and hydrolyzes thiolactones and xenobiotics, including paraoxon, a metabolite of the insecticide parathion. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with coronary artery disease and diabetic retinopathy. The gene is found in a cluster of three related paraoxonase genes on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017] |
Summary |
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Its ability to bind HDL (particularly via apolipoprotein A‐I) markedly enhances both the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency and stability, which underpins its role in antioxidant defense and in maintaining lipid integrity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPON1 contributes to cardiovascular protection by preventing the oxidative modification of low‐density lipoproteins and other lipids—an action that is central to its antiatherogenic properties. Reduced PON1 activity or concentration has been associated with coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and diabetic vascular complications, emphasizing its importance in lipid homeostasis and in counteracting systemic oxidative stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its antioxidative role, PON1 uniquely hydrolyzes organophosphates (for example, the detoxification of paraoxon) and is pivotal in converting prodrugs such as clopidogrel to their active metabolites—processes that are highly sensitive to common genetic polymorphisms (including the Q192R variant). These genetic differences, together with its inherent catalytic properties, influence not only the efficacy of drug bioactivation but also modulate susceptibility to toxic exposures."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "16", "end_ref": "22"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond lipid metabolism and detoxification, PON1 exhibits an even broader functional repertoire. It can hydrolyze bacterial quorum‐sensing molecules—thereby potentially modulating innate immune responses—and its genetic variability has been linked to differential outcomes in inflammatory and immune‐modulated conditions (for example, in anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy and diabetic retinopathy). Moreover, PON1 activity is subject to regulation by environmental and pharmacological factors (such as nutritional components and statins), and its polymorphisms have been implicated in conditions as diverse as neurodegenerative disorders and altered cholesterol biosynthesis. Interactions with other HDL–associated proteins, such as myeloperoxidase, further highlight the nuanced role of PON1 in vascular health and systemic inflammation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "23", "end_ref": "38"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dragomir I Draganov, John F Teiber, Audrey Speelman, et al. 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Synonyms | MVCD5, PON |
Proteins | PON1_HUMAN |
NCBI Gene ID | 5444 |
API | |
Download Associations | |
Predicted Functions |
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Co-expressed Genes |
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Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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PON1 has 7,494 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 111 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for PON1 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
Dataset | Summary | |
---|---|---|
Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles | cell lines with fitness changed by PON1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PON1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with PON1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PON1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PON1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of PON1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing PON1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing PON1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with PON1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with PON1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PON1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with PON1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with PON1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PON1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations | traits associated with PON1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset. | |
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by PON1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with PON1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with PON1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with PON1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PON1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PON1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
DrugBank Drug Targets | interacting drugs for PON1 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset. | |
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PON1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PON1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PON1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PON1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PON1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PON1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with PON1 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PON1 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
GlyGen Glycosylated Proteins | ligands (chemical) binding PON1 protein from the GlyGen Glycosylated Proteins dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving PON1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving PON1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving PON1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing PON1 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing PON1 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing PON1 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by PON1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by PON1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by PON1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of PON1 gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PON1 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PON1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PON1 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes | interacting metabolites for PON1 protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset. | |
HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PON1 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPO Gene-Disease Associations | phenotypes associated with PON1 gene by mapping known disease genes to disease phenotypes from the HPO Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting hub proteins for PON1 from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PON1 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for PON1 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PON1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
KEGG Pathways | pathways involving PON1 protein from the KEGG Pathways dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PON1 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components containing PON1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain PON1 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PON1 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting PON1 gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PON1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training | tissue samples with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training dataset. | |
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PON1 gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules | co-expressed genes for PON1 from the MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules dataset. | |
MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
NURSA Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing PON1 protein recovered by IP-MS from the NURSA Protein Complexes dataset. | |
OMIM Gene-Disease Associations | phenotypes associated with PON1 gene from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for PON1 from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving PON1 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving PON1 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving PON1 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PON1 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PON1 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations | cell types with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PON1 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PON1 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of PON1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PON1 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PON1 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PON1 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PON1 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with PON1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with PON1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving PON1 protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving PON1 protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |