{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe multifaceted RNA‐binding protein at the center of these studies acts as a crucial regulator of neuronal protein synthesis. It associates with polyribosomes to stall or modulate translation of a select set of messenger RNAs that encode key synaptic components. In doing so, it not only binds specific RNA motifs and cargoes but also influences translation initiation and the stability of target mRNAs. These molecular functions underlie its ability to control the local availability of proteins necessary for proper synapse formation and plasticity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its core role in translation control, the protein orchestrates the transport and dendritic localization of its mRNA targets. By engaging with motor complexes and elements of the mRNA export machinery, it ensures that synaptically relevant transcripts are delivered precisely to sites of active synapse remodeling. These actions are critical for regulating local translation in response to synaptic activity and for modulating the formation and stability of synaptic contacts."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAt the network and behavioral level, deficits in this regulatory protein result in profound alterations in synaptic plasticity, channel function, and neuronal excitability that ultimately translate into learning, memory, and sensory processing impairments. Through interactions with ion channels and signaling effectors—and by reading RNA modifications that govern nuclear export—the protein connects neuronal activity with the dynamic modulation of synaptic protein composition. These regulatory functions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, underscoring its pivotal role in maintaining excitatory–inhibitory balance and proper circuit function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "18", "end_ref": "42"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yann S Mineur, Frans Sluyter, Sanne de Wit, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Behavioral and neuroanatomical characterization of the Fmr1 knockout mouse."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hippocampus (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/hipo.10005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11918286"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11918286"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kimberly M Huber, Sean M Gallagher, Stephen T Warren, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Altered synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of fragile X mental retardation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.122205699"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122205699"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12032354"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032354"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sachiyo Ohashi, Katsuya Koike, Akira Omori, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of mRNA/protein (mRNP) complexes containing Puralpha, mStaufen, fragile X protein, and myosin Va and their association with rough endoplasmic reticulum equipped with a kinesin motor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M203608200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M203608200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12147688"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12147688"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kevin Y Miyashiro, Andrea Beckel-Mitchener, T Patrick Purk, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RNA cargoes associating with FMRP reveal deficits in cellular functioning in Fmr1 null mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuron (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00034-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00034-5) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12575950"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12575950"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Giovanni Stefani, Claire E Fraser, Jennifer C Darnell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fragile X mental retardation protein is associated with translating polyribosomes in neuronal cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2306-04.2004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2306-04.2004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15317853"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15317853"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Edouard W Khandjian, Marc-Etienne Huot, Sandra Tremblay, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochemical evidence for the association of fragile X mental retardation protein with brain polyribosomal ribonucleoparticles."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0405398101"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405398101"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15329415"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15329415"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ivan Jeanne Weiler, Chad C Spangler, Anna Y Klintsova, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fragile X mental retardation protein is necessary for neurotransmitter-activated protein translation at synapses."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0407533101"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407533101"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15548614"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15548614"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "S K E Koekkoek, K Yamaguchi, B A Milojkovic, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Deletion of FMR1 in Purkinje cells enhances parallel fiber LTD, enlarges spines, and attenuates cerebellar eyelid conditioning in Fragile X syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuron (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16055059"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16055059"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ming-Gao Zhao, Hiroki Toyoda, Shanelle W Ko, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Deficits in trace fear memory and long-term potentiation in a mouse model for fragile X syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1520-05.2005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1520-05.2005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16093389"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16093389"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yann S Mineur, Linh X Huynh, Wim E Crusio "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Social behavior deficits in the Fmr1 mutant mouse."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Behav Brain Res (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbr.2005.11.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2005.11.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16343653"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16343653"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elena D Nosyreva, Kimberly M Huber "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Metabotropic receptor-dependent long-term depression persists in the absence of protein synthesis in the mouse model of fragile X syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurophysiol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1152/jn.01316.2005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01316.2005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16452252"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16452252"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Laura N Antar, Chanxia Li, Honglai Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity-dependent regulation of filopodia and spine synapses."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Neurosci (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.mcn.2006.02.001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2006.02.001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16631377"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16631377"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brad E Pfeiffer, Kimberly M Huber "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fragile X mental retardation protein induces synapse loss through acute postsynaptic translational regulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0054-07.2007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0054-07.2007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17376973"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17376973"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ali Entezam, Rea Biacsi, Bonnie Orrison, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regional FMRP deficits and large repeat expansions into the full mutation range in a new Fragile X premutation mouse model."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.gene.2007.02.026"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2007.02.026"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17442505"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17442505"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rhiannon M Meredith, Carl D Holmgren, Meredith Weidum, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Increased threshold for spike-timing-dependent plasticity is caused by unreliable calcium signaling in mice lacking fragile X gene FMR1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuron (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuron.2007.04.028"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.04.028"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17521574"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17521574"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diego Centonze, Silvia Rossi, Valentina Mercaldo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Abnormal striatal GABA transmission in the mouse model for the fragile X syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biol Psychiatry (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18028882"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18028882"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Theodore J Price, Md Harunor Rashid, Magali Millecamps, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Decreased nociceptive sensitization in mice lacking the fragile X mental retardation protein: role of mGluR1/5 and mTOR."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4383-07.2007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4383-07.2007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18094233"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18094233"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Usha Narayanan, Vijayalaxmi Nalavadi, Mika Nakamoto, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "S6K1 phosphorylates and regulates fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) with the neuronal protein synthesis-dependent mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.C800055200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C800055200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18474609"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18474609"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ingrid Bureau, Gordon M G Shepherd, Karel Svoboda "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circuit and plasticity defects in the developing somatosensory cortex of FMR1 knock-out mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1076-08.2008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1076-08.2008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18480274"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480274"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hansen Wang, Long-Jun Wu, Susan S Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FMRP acts as a key messenger for dopamine modulation in the forebrain."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuron (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.027"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.027"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18760699"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18760699"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Giulia Curia, Thomas Papouin, Philippe Séguéla, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulation of tonic GABAergic inhibition in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cereb Cortex (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/cercor/bhn159"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn159"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18787232"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18787232"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ilaria Napoli, Valentina Mercaldo, Pietro Pilo Boyl, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The fragile X syndrome protein represses activity-dependent translation through CYFIP1, a new 4E-BP."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.031"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.031"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18805096"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18805096"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elias G Bechara, Marie Cecile Didiot, Mireille Melko, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel function for fragile X mental retardation protein in translational activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Biol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pbio.1000016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19166269"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19166269"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sean B Christie, Michael R Akins, James E Schwob, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The FXG: a presynaptic fragile X granule expressed in a subset of developing brain circuits."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3937-08.2009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3937-08.2009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19193898"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19193898"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yucui Chen, Flora Tassone, Robert F Berman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Murine hippocampal neurons expressing Fmr1 gene premutations show early developmental deficits and late degeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddp479"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddp479"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19846466"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19846466"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Emily G Harlow, Sally M Till, Theron A Russell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Critical period plasticity is disrupted in the barrel cortex of FMR1 knockout mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuron (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.024"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.024"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20159451"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20159451"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marjelo A Mines, Christopher J Yuskaitis, Margaret K King, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GSK3 influences social preference and anxiety-related behaviors during social interaction in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome and autism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0009706"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009706"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20300527"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20300527"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuping Luo, Ge Shan, Weixiang Guo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fragile x mental retardation protein regulates proliferation and differentiation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1000898"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000898"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20386739"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20386739"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brad E Pfeiffer, Tong Zang, Julia R Wilkerson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fragile X mental retardation protein is required for synapse elimination by the activity-dependent transcription factor MEF2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuron (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20434996"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20434996"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Maile R Brown, Jack Kronengold, Valeswara-Rao Gazula, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fragile X mental retardation protein controls gating of the sodium-activated potassium channel Slack."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Neurosci (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nn.2563"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2563"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20512134"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20512134"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marta E Soden, Lu Chen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fragile X protein FMRP is required for homeostatic plasticity and regulation of synaptic strength by retinoic acid."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3660-10.2010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3660-10.2010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21159962"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21159962"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Corinne M Spencer, Olga Alekseyenko, Shannon M Hamilton, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Modifying behavioral phenotypes in Fmr1KO mice: genetic background differences reveal autistic-like responses."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Autism Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/aur.168"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.168"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21268289"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21268289"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christina Gross, Xiaodi Yao, Dan L Pong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fragile X mental retardation protein regulates protein expression and mRNA translation of the potassium channel Kv4.2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6661-10.2011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6661-10.2011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21490210"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21490210"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Weixiang Guo, Andrea M Allan, Ruiting Zong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ablation of Fmrp in adult neural stem cells disrupts hippocampus-dependent learning."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Med (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nm.2336"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2336"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21516088"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21516088"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jennifer C Darnell, Sarah J Van Driesche, Chaolin Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FMRP stalls ribosomal translocation on mRNAs linked to synaptic function and autism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21784246"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21784246"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 36, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Seth A Hays, Kimberly M Huber, Jay R Gibson "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Altered neocortical rhythmic activity states in Fmr1 KO mice are due to enhanced mGluR5 signaling and involve changes in excitatory circuitry."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3157-11.2011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3157-11.2011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21976507"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21976507"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 37, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hye Young Lee, Woo-Ping Ge, Wendy Huang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bidirectional regulation of dendritic voltage-gated potassium channels by the fragile X mental retardation protein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuron (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.033"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.033"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22099464"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22099464"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 38, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Manuel Ascano, Neelanjan Mukherjee, Pradeep Bandaru, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FMRP targets distinct mRNA sequence elements to regulate protein expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature11737"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11737"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23235829"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23235829"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 39, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roman Alpatov, Bluma J Lesch, Mika Nakamoto-Kinoshita, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A chromatin-dependent role of the fragile X mental retardation protein FMRP in the DNA damage response."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.040"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.040"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24813610"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24813610"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 40, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yu Zhang, Audrey Bonnan, Guillaume Bony, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dendritic channelopathies contribute to neocortical and sensory hyperexcitability in Fmr1(-/y) mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Neurosci (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nn.3864"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3864"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25383903"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25383903"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 41, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Feiran Zhang, Yunhee Kang, Mengli Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fragile X mental retardation protein modulates the stability of its m6A-marked messenger RNA targets."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddy292"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddy292"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30107516"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30107516"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 42, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brittany M Edens, Caroline Vissers, Jing Su, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FMRP Modulates Neural Differentiation through m"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "6"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "A-Dependent mRNA Nuclear Export."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.072"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.072"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31340148"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31340148"}]}]}]}