{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent genome‐wide association studies have identified a susceptibility locus on chromosome 11q23.1 linked to colorectal cancer in European‐ancestry populations"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and confirmed by large case–control series."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In parallel, investigations in Han Chinese cohorts have revealed associations of polymorphisms in this chromosomal region with CRC risk"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while high‐resolution mapping and expression studies have implicated co‐regulated genes—including COLCA1 and COLCA2—in modulating epithelial–immune interactions relevant to colon carcinogenesis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "as well as in autoimmune liver disease such as primary biliary cholangitis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMore recent functional analyses have revealed that COLCA2, which is also known as OCA-T2 or POU2AF3, serves as a transcriptional coactivator in a unique cell type—the tuft cell. Tuft cells are rare chemosensory cells that coordinate immune and neural responses in mucosal tissues. In these cells, POU2AF3 interacts with the master transcription factor POU2F3 and its paralogue OCA-T1 (also termed POU2AF2) through a conserved peptide that facilitates bivalent binding to an octamer DNA motif. This POU2F3–OCA-T complex is essential for establishing tuft cell identity and has been demonstrated to constitute a molecular vulnerability in tuft-cell-like small-cell lung cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alan M Pittman, Emily Webb, Luis Carvajal-Carmona, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Refinement of the basis and impact of common 11q23.1 variation to the risk of developing colorectal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddn267"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddn267"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18753146"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18753146"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing He, Lynne R Wilkens, Daniel O Stram, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of genes expressed by immune cells of the colon that are regulated by colorectal cancer-associated variants."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.28557"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28557"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24154973"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24154973"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuki Hitomi, Yoshihiro Aiba, Yosuke Kawai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "rs1944919 on chromosome 11q23.1 and its effector genes COLCA1/COLCA2 confer susceptibility to primary biliary cholangitis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-021-84042-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84042-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33633225"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33633225"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaoli S Wu, Xue-Yan He, Jonathan J Ipsaro, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "OCA-T1 and OCA-T2 are coactivators of POU2F3 in the tuft cell lineage."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41586-022-04842-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04842-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35576971"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35576971"}]}]}]}