{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have revealed that the long noncoding RNA PSMA3‐AS1 is frequently upregulated in several cancer types and acts as a tumor‐promoting factor. In non‐small cell lung carcinoma, PSMA3‐AS1 is overexpressed and promotes a malignant phenotype by acting as a molecular sponge for specific microRNAs, thereby modulating the expression of oncogenic proteins such as SPIN1. In colorectal cancer, initial investigations have also focused on elucidating the biological functions of PSMA3‐AS1 during tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional evidence in glioma, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and bladder cancer further supports the oncogenic role of PSMA3‐AS1. In glioma, although its precise mechanism remains to be fully defined, PSMA3‐AS1 has been linked to tumor progression. In OSCC and bladder cancer, PSMA3‐AS1 exerts its function by acting as a competing endogenous RNA: in OSCC and triple‐negative breast cancer, it sponges miR‐186‐5p to upregulate proteasome activator subunit 3 (PSME3), while in bladder cancer, it sponges miR‐214‐5p leading to enhanced PD‐L1 expression. These interactions contribute to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn triple‐negative breast cancer, PSMA3‐AS1 has also been found to be significantly upregulated, where its silencing results in reduced tumor cell growth and migration. Mechanistically, it similarly sponges miR‐186‐5p to relieve suppression on its downstream target, PSME3, thus driving tumorigenesis. Overall, across multiple tumor types, PSMA3‐AS1 functions as an oncogenic lncRNA by sequestering tumor‐suppressive microRNAs and thereby modulating key regulatory proteins, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lingling Wang, Lei Wu, Jinfeng Pang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA PSMA3‑AS1 functions as a microRNA‑409‑3p sponge to promote the progression of non‑small cell lung carcinoma by targeting spindlin 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Rep (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/or.2020.7693"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7693"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32945481"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32945481"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "P Peng, Y Wang, B-L Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA PSMA3-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion via regulating miR-4429."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.26355/eurrev_202011_23802"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202011_23802"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33275226"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33275226"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tianzao Huang, Yingxian Chen, Yile Zeng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long non-coding RNA PSMA3-AS1 promotes glioma progression through modulating the miR-411-3p/HOXA10 pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12885-021-08465-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08465-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34294084"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294084"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xinghua Cao, Kefeng Luan, Jie Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Targeting lncRNA PSMA3-AS1, a Prognostic Marker, Suppresses Malignant Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dis Markers (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1155/2021/3138046"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3138046"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34457087"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34457087"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mingran Zhang, Yunfeng Xu, Shuai Yin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "YY1-induced long non-coding RNA PSMA3 antisense RNA 1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA 214-5p to expedite the viability and restrict the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells via regulating programmed cell death-ligand 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioengineered (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/21655979.2021.1994907"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1994907"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34720049"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34720049"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mei Peng, Hao Yuan "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA PSMA3-AS1 activates the progression of triple-negative breast cancer cells by blocking miR-186-5p-mediated PSME3 inhibition."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.14715/cmb/2023.69.14.13"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2023.69.14.13"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38279473"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38279473"}]}]}]}