{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have implicated the long noncoding RNA PTCSC2 in thyroid tumorigenesis through its regulatory interplay with key transcription factors and in modulating gene expression at a shared bidirectional promoter with FOXE1. In thyroid cells, PTCSC2 has been shown to bind to myosin‐9 (MYH9) and counteract MYH9’s inhibitory effect on promoter activity, thereby supporting proper FOXE1 expression and preserving pathways such as the p53 network that are essential for cellular homeostasis. Such mechanisms may underlie the predisposition to papillary thyroid carcinoma observed in individuals carrying risk alleles near this locus."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n\nMoreover, emerging evidence from studies of colorectal cancer indicates that PTCSC2 expression is modulated in response to therapeutic agents like the antimicrobial peptide LL37, suggesting that changes in PTCSC2 levels may contribute to anticancer effects in tissues beyond the thyroid."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Association studies have further explored single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PTCSC2 gene region and have found significant correlations with thyroid carcinoma risk, thereby positioning PTCSC2 as a potential biomarker for thyroid malignancy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, broader epidemiological investigations into thyroid carcinoma—which consider both genetic and environmental influences—support the involvement of PTCSC2 in the complex network of molecular events driving the disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yanqiang Wang, Huiling He, Wei Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MYH9 binds to lncRNA gene PTCSC2 and regulates FOXE1 in the 9q22 thyroid cancer risk locus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1619917114"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619917114"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28049826"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28049826"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mustafa Nuhad Al-Darraji, Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Omer Dhia Aldeen Salah Aldeen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Effect of LL37 Antimicrobial Peptide on FOXE1 and lncRNA PTCSC 2 Genes Expression in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and Normal Cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Asian Pac J Cancer Prev (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.10.3437"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.10.3437"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36308369"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36308369"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kaijun Tong, Chang Zhang, Tingting Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Suggestive evidence of the genetic association of TMOD1 and PTCSC2 polymorphisms with thyroid carcinoma in the Chinese Han population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Endocr Disord (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12902-022-01177-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-01177-2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36316666"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36316666"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhen Shen, Yingjun Sun, Guohua Niu "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Variants in TPO rs2048722, PTCSC2 rs925489 and SEMA4G rs4919510 affect thyroid carcinoma susceptibility risk."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Med Genomics (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12920-023-01447-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01447-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36737753"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36737753"}]}]}]}