{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have revealed that transcripts associated with the PTEN pseudogene can markedly influence cellular behavior through microRNA‐mediated regulatory loops. In a spinal cord injury model, interference with PTENP1 expression (using PTENP1-shRNA) was shown to disrupt the balance of key microRNAs—namely, miR-21 and miR-19b—thereby indirectly modulating PTEN expression and subsequently increasing neuronal apoptosis. These findings underscore how modulation of PTEN pseudogene transcripts can impact recovery processes via changes in miRNA levels and PTEN regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the context of malignant melanoma, the PTEN pseudogene antisense RNA (PTENP1-AS) has been identified as a negative regulator of PTEN transcription. Here, increased PTENP1-AS expression in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells promotes the recruitment of epigenetic modifiers such as EZH2 and enhances H3K27me3 methylation at the PTEN promoter, leading to its downregulation. This epigenetic silencing contributes not only to drug resistance against BRAF inhibitors but also correlates with poorer survival in patients, highlighting its potential as both a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurthermore, given the ongoing search for novel biomarkers in oncology, the regulatory functions of PTENP1-AS in modulating tumor suppressor pathways position it as a promising candidate for further investigation in cancers such as breast cancer, where improved molecular markers are critically needed."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhan Wang, Yuxin Song, Xingwen Han, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA PTENP1 affects the recovery of spinal cord injury by regulating the expression of miR-19b and miR-21."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Physiol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcp.29253"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29253"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31583718"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31583718"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Linda Vidarsdottir, Alireza Azimi, Ishani Das, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PTENP1-AS contributes to BRAF inhibitor resistance and is associated with adverse clinical outcome in stage III melanoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-021-89389-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89389-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34040017"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34040017"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luděk Záveský, Eva Jandáková, Vít Weinberger, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long non-coding RNAs PTENP1, GNG12-AS1, MAGI2-AS3 and MEG3 as tumor suppressors in breast cancer and their associations with clinicopathological parameters."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Biomark (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3233/CBM-230259"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3233/CBM-230259"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38277283"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38277283"}]}]}]}