PTPRT Gene

HGNC Family	Fibronectin type III domain containing, Immunoglobulin superfamily domain containing, Phosphatases
Name	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, T
Description	The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracellular catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region contains a meprin-A5 antigen-PTP (MAM) domain, Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like repeats. The protein domain structure and the expression pattern of the mouse counterpart of this PTP suggest its roles in both signal transduction and cellular adhesion in the central nervous system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPTPRT is a receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatase that serves as a critical tumor suppressor by directly dephosphorylating key substrates involved in oncogenic signaling. In several cancers, including colorectal, head and neck, lung, breast, and acute myeloid leukemia, PTPRT dephosphorylates STAT3 at tyrosine residue 705—thereby dampening STAT3‐mediated transcription of genes that promote cell proliferation and survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In colorectal tumorigenesis, its direct regulation of paxillin phosphorylation at tyrosine 88 further underscores its role in controlling cell migration and anchorage‐independent growth."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " A wealth of studies has linked loss‐of‐function mechanisms—whether by somatic mutation, destabilization of its catalytic domain, or epigenetic silencing via promoter hypermethylation—to unchecked STAT3 activation and enhanced metastatic potential in various tumor types."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In non‐small cell lung cancer, promoter hypermethylation of PTPRT correlates with diminished mRNA expression and subsequent STAT3 hyperactivation, a finding that has spurred efforts to target this pathway therapeutically."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Structural analyses of cancer‐associated PTPRT variants reveal impaired phosphatase activity and protein stability, providing insights into its loss during tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, clonal evolution studies in acute myeloid leukemia indicate that acquisition of PTPRT mutations at later stages can further enhance tumor cell proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In breast cancer, higher levels of PTPRT expression are associated with more favorable outcomes and improved responsiveness to chemotherapy"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while mutations in PTPRT have also emerged as potential biomarkers for early metastatic seeding in several cancers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, downregulation of PTPRT, whether by mutation or other mechanisms, has been linked to enhanced STAT3-dependent tumor proliferation and might represent an actionable target in cancer therapy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its oncogenic implications, PTPRT plays important roles in other physiological and pathological contexts. Genome-wide association studies have implicated PTPRT in susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the central nervous system, where PTPRT is exclusively expressed, it regulates synapse formation and cellular adhesion by interacting with cell adhesion molecules and by being dynamically modulated through phosphorylation (for example, via the Fyn kinase)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Copy-number variants and microdeletions affecting the PTPRT locus have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by attention deficits, tics, and autistic behaviors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, recent investigations into maternal genetic variants suggest that alterations in PTPRT may also influence reproductive events such as prelabor rupture of membranes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaodong Zhang, Ailan Guo, Jianshi Yu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of STAT3 as a substrate of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase T."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0611665104"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611665104"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17360477"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360477"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vivian Wai Yan Lui, Noah D Peyser, Patrick Kwok-Shing Ng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frequent mutation of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases provides a mechanism for STAT3 hyperactivation in head and neck cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1319551111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319551111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24395800"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24395800"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yiqing Zhao, Xiaodong Zhang, Kishore Guda, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frequent promoter hypermethylation of PTPRT increases STAT3 activation and sensitivity to STAT3 inhibition in head and neck cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2015.171"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2015.171"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25982282"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25982282"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anthony Scott, Zhenghe Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumour suppressor function of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-T."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biosci Rep (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1042/BSR20100134"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20100134"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21517784"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21517784"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fabao Liu, Xiaona You, Xiumei Chi, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Recurrent PTPRT/JAK2 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma among African Americans."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-019-13732-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13732-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31844068"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31844068"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jong Woo Lee, Eun Goo Jeong, Sung Hak Lee, et al. 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Synonyms	RPTPRHO
Proteins	PTPRT_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	11122
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

PTPRT has 5,047 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 113 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for PTPRT from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

PTPRT Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PTPRT gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PTPRT gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PTPRT gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with PTPRT gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PTPRT gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PTPRT gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of PTPRT gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PTPRT gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PTPRT protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing PTPRT protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with PTPRT protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with PTPRT protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PTPRT gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PTPRT gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PTPRT gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with PTPRT gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by PTPRT gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with PTPRT gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with PTPRT gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with PTPRT gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PTPRT gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with PTPRT gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PTPRT gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PTPRT gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PTPRT gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PTPRT from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PTPRT gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PTPRT gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PTPRT gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with PTPRT gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.