Name | purine-rich element binding protein A |
Description | This gene product is a sequence-specific, single-stranded DNA-binding protein. It binds preferentially to the single strand of the purine-rich element termed PUR, which is present at origins of replication and in gene flanking regions in a variety of eukaryotes from yeasts through humans. Thus, it is implicated in the control of both DNA replication and transcription. Deletion of this gene has been associated with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent exome‐sequencing studies have revealed de novo mutations in PURA that are associated with severe neurodevelopmental disorders, including epilepsy and encephalopathy as observed in 5q31.3 microdeletion syndrome. In these patients, mutations in PURA lead to significant neurological impairment and developmental delay, while additional trio‐based studies further underscore the link between PURA dysfunction and neurocognitive deficits. Moreover, structural analyses indicate that even conservative missense mutations compromise the folding integrity, RNA binding, or dimerization of PURA, thereby accounting for the full penetrance of PURA syndrome."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in neurodevelopment, PURA functions as a multifaceted regulator of gene expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. As part of a complex with linker histone H1.2 and other cofactors, PURA contributes to the repression of p53-dependent transcription and modulates pro-apoptotic gene expression. In cardiac myocytes, PURA—as one of the Pur family proteins—binds purine-rich regulatory elements within the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene, attenuating expression through both transcriptional repression and interference with mRNA translation; its interaction with cell cycle regulators such as cyclin A/Cdk2 further underlies its capacity to restrain proliferation by antagonizing E2F-1 activity. These diverse roles are comprehensively reviewed in the literature, which emphasizes PURA’s evolutionary conservation and its broad nucleic acid-binding properties."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPURA also plays critical roles in immune regulation and cancer biology. In leukocytes, it partners with hnRNP-K to mediate the repression of CD43 while activating the transcription of CD11c and beta2-integrin genes—activities essential for cell adhesion and hypoxia-induced responses. In prostate cancer, loss of nuclear PURA from repressive complexes contributes to androgen receptor overexpression, whereas restoration of PURA levels can temper aberrant proliferation in androgen-independent cells. In the context of HIV-1 infection, PURA interacts with the viral Rev protein and the Rev-responsive element to facilitate the export of unspliced viral RNAs, thereby modulating host susceptibility to infection. Simultaneously, its participation in the dynamics of cytoplasmic stress granules and processing bodies affects mRNA translation in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS and in esophageal cancer models where, for example, PURA suppresses the translation of IGFBP3. Importantly, in T cells, signaling events that control the phosphorylation state of PURA influence the transcription of cytokines such as interleukin-9, linking PURA to allergic immune responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "10", "end_ref": "23"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent investigations further implicate PURA in metabolic regulation and the maintenance of genomic integrity. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, PURA binds to specific motifs within the promoter of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, PCK2, thereby stimulating cellular oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism; similar transcriptional activation is observed in the context of CASP8, where PURA forms complexes with E2F-1 and RNA polymerase II. In addition, PURA functions at stalled replication forks and in double-strand break repair, underscoring its involvement in cellular responses to DNA replication stress. Collectively, these studies even highlight microRNA-mediated regulation of PURA—with miR-144 directly targeting its mRNA—which further integrates PURA into oncogenic and metabolic signaling pathways. Lastly, emerging evidence suggests that PURA might also contribute to metastasis in esophageal cancer, a prospect that warrants further exploration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "24", "end_ref": "28"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Seema R Lalani, Jing Zhang, Christian P Schaaf, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations in PURA cause profound neonatal hypotonia, seizures, and encephalopathy in 5q31.3 microdeletion syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.09.014"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.09.014"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25439098"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25439098"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katherine L Helbig, Kelly D Farwell Hagman, Deepali N Shinde, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diagnostic exome sequencing provides a molecular diagnosis for a significant proportion of patients with epilepsy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genet Med (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/gim.2015.186"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2015.186"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26795593"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26795593"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David Hunt, Richard J Leventer, Cas Simons, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Whole exome sequencing in family trios reveals de novo mutations in PURA as a cause of severe neurodevelopmental delay and learning disability."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Med Genet (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102798"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102798"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25342064"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25342064"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marcel Proske, Robert Janowski, Sabrina Bacher, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PURA syndrome-causing mutations impair PUR-domain integrity and affect P-body association."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elife (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7554/eLife.93561"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.93561"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38655849"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38655849"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kyunghwan Kim, Jongkyu Choi, Kyu Heo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Isolation and characterization of a novel H1.2 complex that acts as a repressor of p53-mediated transcription."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M708205200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M708205200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18258596"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18258596"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Madhu Gupta, Viranuj Sueblinvong, Jai Raman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins PURalpha and PURbeta bind to a purine-rich negative regulatory element of the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene and control transcriptional and translational regulation of the gene expression. Implications in the repression of alpha-myosin heavy chain during heart failure."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M307696200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M307696200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12933792"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933792"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hong Liu, Sharon M Barr, Caryn Chu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functional interaction of Puralpha with the Cdk2 moiety of cyclin A/Cdk2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.038"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.038"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15707957"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15707957"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nune Darbinian, Martyn K White, Gary L Gallia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interaction between the pura and E2F-1 transcription factors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anticancer Res (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15517862"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15517862"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Margaret J Wortman, Laura K Hanson, Luis Martínez-Sobrido, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of PURA gene transcription by three promoters generating distinctly spliced 5-prime leaders: a novel means of fine control over tissue specificity and viral signals."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Mol Biol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2199-11-81"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2199-11-81"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21062477"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21062477"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nicolas Da Silva, Ajit Bharti, Carl S Shelley "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "hnRNP-K and Pur(alpha) act together to repress the transcriptional activity of the CD43 gene promoter."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood.V100.10.3536"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V100.10.3536"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12411317"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12411317"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C Simon Shelley, Jens M Teodoridis, Heiyoung Park, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "During differentiation of the monocytic cell line U937, Pur alpha mediates induction of the CD11c beta 2 integrin gene promoter."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.168.8.3887"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.8.3887"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11937543"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11937543"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tianqing Kong, Melanie Scully, C Simon Shelley, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of Pur alpha as a new hypoxia response factor responsible for coordinated induction of the beta 2 integrin family."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1934"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1934"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17641060"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17641060"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Longgui G Wang, Edward M Johnson, Yayoi Kinoshita, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Androgen receptor overexpression in prostate cancer linked to Pur alpha loss from a novel repressor complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18413735"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18413735"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takahiro Inoue, Atsushi Maeno, Conover Talbot, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Purine-rich element binding protein (PUR) alpha induces endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and cell differentiation pathways in prostate cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prostate (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/pros.20936"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.20936"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19267365"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19267365"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takahiro Inoue, Xin Bao, Takumi Kageyama, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Purine-Rich Element Binding Protein Alpha, a Nuclear Matrix Protein, Has a Role in Prostate Cancer Progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms25136911"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136911"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "39000020"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39000020"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chan-Juan Shen, Yan-Hui Jia, Ren-Rong Tian, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Translation of Pur-α is targeted by cellular miRNAs to modulate the differentiation-dependent susceptibility of monocytes to HIV-1 infection."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.12-209023"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-209023"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22835829"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22835829"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rafal Kaminski, Nune Darbinian, Bassel E Sawaya, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Puralpha as a cellular co-factor of Rev/RRE-mediated expression of HIV-1 intron-containing mRNA."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biochem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcb.21503"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.21503"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17722108"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17722108"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Gavin Daigle, Karthik Krishnamurthy, Nandini Ramesh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pur-alpha regulates cytoplasmic stress granule dynamics and ameliorates FUS toxicity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acta Neuropathol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00401-015-1530-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-015-1530-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26728149"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26728149"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lusong Tian, Xiufeng Xie, Urmi Das, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Forming cytoplasmic stress granules PURα suppresses mRNA translation initiation of IGFBP3 to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41388-022-02426-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-022-02426-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35945453"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35945453"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lena Molitor, Melina Klostermann, Sabrina Bacher, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Depletion of the RNA-binding protein PURA triggers changes in posttranscriptional gene regulation and loss of P-bodies."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gkac1237"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac1237"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36651277"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36651277"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Priyanka Sharma, Anoop Saraya, Rinu Sharma "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Potential diagnostic implications of miR-144 overexpression in human oesophageal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Indian J Med Res (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4103/0971-5916.191796"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.191796"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27748283"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27748283"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "P Sharma, R Sharma "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-144 functions as an oncomiR in KYSE-410 human esophageal carcinoma cell line in vitro and targets PURA."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neoplasma (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4149/neo_2018_170814N535"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4149/neo_2018_170814N535"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29940778"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29940778"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Huai-Chia Chuang, Chia-Hsin Hsueh, Pu-Ming Hsu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DUSP8 induces TGF-β-stimulated IL-9 transcription and Th9-mediated allergic inflammation by promoting nuclear export of Pur-α."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI166269"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI166269"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37909329"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37909329"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan Sun, Jiajia Gao, Zongpan Jing, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PURα Promotes the Transcriptional Activation of "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "PCK2"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " in Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes (Basel) (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/genes11111301"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111301"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33142842"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33142842"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhengwei Lin, Zhimin Guo, Yang Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a secondary promoter of CASP8 and its related transcription factor PURα."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Oncol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijo.2014.2436"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2436"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24819879"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24819879"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rafal Kaminski, Armine Darbinyan, Nana Merabova, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protective role of Puralpha to cisplatin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Biol Ther (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/cbt.7.12.6938"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/cbt.7.12.6938"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18927497"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18927497"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rocío B Colombo, Clarisa Maxit, Diego Martinelli, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PURA and GLUT1: Sweet partners for brain health."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167261"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167261"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38777099"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38777099"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wen Wen Xu, Long Liao, Wei Dai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies a targetable MEST-PURA interaction in cancer metastasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EBioMedicine (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104587"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104587"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37149929"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37149929"}]}]}]}
|
Synonyms | MRD31, PURALPHA, PUR-ALPHA |
Proteins | PURA_HUMAN |
NCBI Gene ID | 5813 |
API | |
Download Associations | |
Predicted Functions |
![]() |
Co-expressed Genes |
![]() |
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
![]() |
PURA has 7,675 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 110 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for PURA from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
Dataset | Summary | |
---|---|---|
Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles | cell lines with fitness changed by PURA gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PURA gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with PURA protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with PURA gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PURA gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PURA gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of PURA gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing PURA protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing PURA protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with PURA protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with PURA protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PURA gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with PURA gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with PURA gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PURA gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by PURA gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with PURA gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with PURA gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PURA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PURA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PURA gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PURA gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PURA gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PURA from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PURA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with PURA gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PURA from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving PURA gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving PURA gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving PURA gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing PURA protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing PURA protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing PURA protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by PURA gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by PURA gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by PURA gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PURA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PURA gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PURA protein relative to other cell types and tissues from the HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting hub proteins for PURA from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PURA gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for PURA protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PURA gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PURA gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with PURA gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components containing PURA protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain PURA protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PURA gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting PURA gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PURA gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PURA gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles | drug perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset. | |
NURSA Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing PURA protein recovered by IP-MS from the NURSA Protein Complexes dataset. | |
OMIM Gene-Disease Associations | phenotypes associated with PURA gene from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for PURA from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving PURA protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving PURA protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PURA gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PURA gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics | cell lines associated with PURA protein from the Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Protein Ligands | ligand (protein) perturbations changing phosphorylation of PURA protein from the SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Protein Ligands dataset. | |
SynGO Synaptic Gene Annotations | synaptic terms associated with PURA gene from the SynGO Synaptic Gene Annotations dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PURA gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PURA gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of PURA gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PURA protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PURA protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PURA protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PURA protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with PURA protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with PURA protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
Virus MINT Protein-Viral Protein Interactions | interacting viral proteins for PURA from the Virus MINT Protein-Viral Protein Interactions dataset. | |
Virus MINT Protein-Virus Interactions | viruses interacting with PURA from the Virus MINT Protein-Virus Interactions dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving PURA protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving PURA protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |