{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe alanine‐serine‐cysteine transporter 1 (Asc‐1; SLC7A10) is a high‐affinity, sodium‐independent amino acid transporter predominantly expressed in neuronal elements where it plays a key role in regulating N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity. By mediating the non‐vesicular release and uptake of D‐serine and glycine – both essential coagonists at the NMDAR glycine binding site – Asc‐1 contributes to synaptic plasticity and excitatory neurotransmission. In vivo, loss‐of‐function models demonstrate that impaired Asc‐1 activity leads to hyperexcitability, tremors, ataxia, and seizures, effects attributable to alterations in extracellular levels of these neuromodulators."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \nDis parturient et distinct from its neural roles, Asc‐1 is also critical in adipose tissue. Its expression is highly selective for white adipocytes, serving as an effective cell surface marker that distinguishes them from brown/beige adipocytes. Functional studies in adipocytes have revealed that inhibition or loss of SLC7A10 not only diminishes serine uptake and reduces intracellular glutathione levels but also increases reactive oxygen species generation. These metabolic disruptions contribute to altered lipid handling, adipocyte hypertrophy, and even promote spontaneous beige adipocyte differentiation – processes implicated in the development of insulin resistance and obesity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \nFascinatingly, Asc‐1’s role extends into other neural circuits as well. In the brainstem and basal ganglia, differential regulation of Asc‐1 expression has been linked to modulation of glycinergic inhibitory transmission and NMDA receptor hyperactivity in models of Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacological manipulation using its transportable substrates and blockers further underscores its potential as a therapeutic target for disorders of altered excitability. In parallel, recent studies exploring long non‐coding RNAs in contexts such as gastric carcinogenesis and ischemic stroke suggest that broader genomic regulatory mechanisms—including those potentially intersecting with Asc‐1 signaling—may also contribute to the fine‐tuning of metabolic and synaptic processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xinmin Xie, Theodore Dumas, Lamont Tang, et al. 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