{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular transformation have revealed that, while protein‐coding factors such as translation initiation and elongation factors are implicated in cadmium‐induced oncogenesis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", noncoding RNAs have emerged as important regulatory molecules in cancer. Although one study focused on the up‐regulation of translation factors, subsequent research has shifted attention to a novel class of noncoding RNAs – the YRNAs – including RNY3, which appear to have independent roles in cell regulation.\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the realm of mRNA processing, a distinct YRNA variant (Y3/Y3**) has been demonstrated to interact directly with the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF). This interaction facilitates the recruitment of CPSF to the 3′ untranslated region of histone pre-mRNAs, thereby promoting accurate 3′ end processing and the proper assembly and dynamics of histone locus bodies, which are essential for histone gene expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional evidence highlights the clinical significance of YRNAs: they have been identified as potential biomarkers in various malignancies, including urinary bladder cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, studies in immune cells have revealed that human RNY3 (hY3) is upregulated upon cell stimulation. Elevated hY3 levels in T lymphocytes not only reduce cell proliferation but also enhance the expression of the TH2 cytokine IL13. This dual effect, together with observations that hY3 can be transferred via exosomes to mediate intercellular communication, suggests a regulatory role in modulating inflammatory responses such as those observed in allergic asthma."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pius Joseph, Yi-Xiong Lei, Tong-man Ong "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Up-regulation of expression of translation factors--a novel molecular mechanism for cadmium carcinogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biochem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1023/b:mcbi.0000007265.38475.f7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/b:mcbi.0000007265.38475.f7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14971650"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14971650"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marcel Köhn, Christian Ihling, Andrea Sinz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Y3** ncRNA promotes the 3' end processing of histone mRNAs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.266486.115"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.266486.115"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26443846"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26443846"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuri Tolkach, Anna Franziska Stahl, Eva-Maria Niehoff, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "YRNA expression predicts survival in bladder cancer patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12885-017-3746-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3746-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29126388"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29126388"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Miguel Estravís, Asunción García-Sánchez, Maria J Martin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RNY3 modulates cell proliferation and IL13 mRNA levels in a T lymphocyte model: a possible new epigenetic mechanism of IL-13 regulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Physiol Biochem (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s13105-022-00920-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-022-00920-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36089628"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36089628"}]}]}]}