{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRNY4 is a member of the YRNA family—a group of small, non‐coding RNAs that have garnered attention for their emerging roles in cancer biology. Early work using retroviral‐induced leukemia models revealed that a range of non‐coding and coding transcripts are deregulated in T‐ and B‐cell leukemias, suggesting that altered non‐coding RNA expression, such as that of RNY4, might participate in oncogenic processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In parallel, studies in urinary bladder cancer patients have begun to explore YRNAs as promising diagnostic biomarkers, underscoring a potential clinical role for RNY4 in carcinogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlthough several of the subsequent abstracts focus on the functions of protein‐coding messages—such as PARM‑1’s roles in cardiomyocyte differentiation, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation, adipocyte differentiation, and even urogenital development"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "—these investigations help to contextualize the complex regulatory networks present in pathological and developmental processes. They highlight how both coding and non‐coding RNAs can modulate key signaling pathways (such as BMP/Smad and AKT/FOXO3A) that govern cell differentiation, proliferation, and stress responses.\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn summary, while the precise mechanistic functions of RNY4 remain to be fully elucidated, the collected evidence indicates that its deregulation may be linked to oncogenic transformation and cancer progression. The recognition of YRNAs—including RNY4—as potential biomarkers in malignancies, together with insights gained from studies of other regulatory molecules in diverse cellular processes, underscores the need for further investigation into how these small non‐coding RNAs contribute to disease pathogenesis and normal cellular homeostasis.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cyndia Charfi, Louis-Charles Levros, Elsy Edouard, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization and identification of PARM-1 as a new potential oncogene."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1476-4598-12-84"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-12-84"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23902727"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23902727"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuri Tolkach, Anna Franziska Stahl, Eva-Maria Niehoff, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "YRNA expression predicts survival in bladder cancer patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12885-017-3746-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3746-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29126388"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29126388"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Naohiko Nakanishi, Tomosaburo Takahashi, Takehiro Ogata, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PARM-1 promotes cardiomyogenic differentiation through regulating the BMP/Smad signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.078"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.078"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23123625"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23123625"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhen He, Teding Chang, Yu Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PARM1 Drives Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via AKT/FOXO3A Axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms24076385"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076385"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37047359"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37047359"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sang-Houn Song, Yeon-Hee Hong, Shin-ichi Sasaki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prostatic androgen-repressed message-1 as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation in the mouse."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tohoku J Exp Med (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1620/tjem.219.311"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.219.311"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19966531"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19966531"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lars Wittler, Alina Hilger, Judith Proske, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Murine expression and mutation analyses of the prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 (Parm1) gene, a candidate for human epispadias."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.082"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.082"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22766399"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22766399"}]}]}]}