{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have demonstrated that the long non‐coding RNA ROR1‑AS1 is aberrantly expressed in several malignancies and appears to play pivotal roles in cancer progression and patient prognosis. In hepatocellular carcinoma, for instance, ROR1‑AS1 is upregulated and its elevated expression is significantly associated with advanced clinical stage, tumor invasiveness, and poor overall survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, research in bladder cancer has implicated ROR1‑AS1 in cancer progression, suggesting its potential as an important clinical marker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOther investigations have expanded these findings to cancers such as cervical cancer and lung malignancies. In cervical cancer, emerging evidence hints at a key oncogenic role for ROR1‑AS1, although the precise mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In non‑small‑cell lung cancer, ROR1‑AS1 is not only upregulated but functionally contributes to tumor cell viability and invasion via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, as knockdown studies have revealed significant reductions in cell proliferation and increased apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, observations in lung adenocarcinoma reinforce its oncogenic potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional studies highlight the multifunctional nature of ROR1‑AS1. In osteosarcoma, for example, ROR1‑AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR‑504, thereby promoting cell cycle progression, proliferation, and migration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Likewise, exosomal ROR1‑AS1 derived from cancer‑associated fibroblasts has been shown to modulate ferroptosis in lung cancer cells, underscoring its role in tumor cell survival and resistance to cell death."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, in cholangiocarcinoma, upregulation of ROR1‑AS1 is associated with enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and a shorter overall survival, suggesting that it may represent a promising target for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ze Zhang, Shouqian Wang, Fan Yang, et al. 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